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Botanical Name Plant's Common Name Plant Family   

    TOTAL NUMBER OF MEDICINAL PLANT RECORDS FOR COUGH IN MPDB : 115

    AQUATIC : 0     BAMBOO : 0     CLIMBERS : 4     GRASSES : 2     HERBS : 43     ORCHIDS : 3     SHRUBS : 29     TREES : 34

 Sr. No.   Medicinal Plant's Name   Plant's Family   Plant category   Medicinal Uses 
1 Canavalia gladiata Sensu Robyns. Fabaceae / Leguminosae Climbers In Korea it is used in the treatment of vomiting, abdominal dropsy, kidney-related lumbago, asthma, obesity, stomach-ache, dysentery, coughs, headache, intercostal neuralgia, epilepsy, schizophrenia, inflammatory diseases and swellings. In Japan it is effective in treating ozena, haemorrhoids, pyorrhea, otitis media, boils and cancers, all kinds of inflammatory diseases and atopic dermatitis. In Korea soap is marketed based on extracts of sword bean; it is used for the treatment of athlete’s foot and acne. In Japan it is effective in treating ozena, haemorrhoids, pyorrhoea, otitis media, boils and cancers, all kinds of inflammatory diseases and atopic dermatitis.
2 Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib Fabaceae Climbers Flower : emmenagogue. Bark : anti-inflammatory, anti-septic (in skin diseases). Various plant parts are used in cough, bronchitis, measles, tubercular fistula and in the treatment of menstrual disorders. The bark is used for washing the hail.
3 Passiflora foetida L. - fetid passionflower Passifloraceae Climbers In India, this plant is used for forming lotions for skin disease & for preparation of medicinal powder for digestive problems. In Brazil, this plant is used to formulate lotions for skin diseases with inflammation. In Vietnam, leaves are used for tea making for vanishing sleeping and nervous disorders. Treating chronic pain, cough, asthma, insomnia, hysteria, emmenagogue, biliousness, digestive problems, including dyspepsia. This species can be helpful in treating digestive problems, including dyspepsia and Diarrhea; or used as an astringent and expectorant for nervous conditions and spasms.
4 Merremia gangetica (L.) Cufod. Convolvulaceae Climbers Anti-diuretic, rheumatism and neuralgia. In the Philippines the decocted leaves and tops are sometimes employed as a diuretic. In India, the leaves are useful as a diuretic and an alterative and used in rheumatism and neuralgia. Leaf juice is given for migraine and as an ear drop to relieve abscesses and ulcers. Root is used to treat diseases of eyes and gums (Rajasab and Isaq 2004). The plant was therapeutically used as deobstruent, diuretic, for cough, headache, neuralgia and rheumatism (Chatterjee and Prakashi 1995).
5 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Poaceae / Gramineae Grasses sudorific and febrifuge, roots used in the prevention of abortion (abortifacient). Root, is used in traditional medicine as a diuretic, anti-helminthic, diaphoretic and febrifuge and for treating cough and other ailments. The seed is sometimes used as famine food and also used in the treatment of liver complaints.
6 Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Poaceae / Gramineae Grasses Blood purifier, cardio protective, epistaxis, diaphoresis, strengthens stomach, indigestion, acidity, anorexia, Diarrhea, fever, asthma, cough, brain tonic, skin disorders, tuberculosis,
7 Cleome gynandra L. Cleomaceae / Capparaceae Herbs anti-inflammatory, pain, swelling, fever, cough, asthma, skin and urinary diseases.
8 Cleome viscosa L. Cleomaceae / Capparaceae Herbs Anti I insects, Antiwarmicde, Anthelmentic, pruritis, gastro intestinal disorders, gastrointestinal infections, ringworm, flatulence, colic, dyspepsia, cough, bronchitis, cardiac disorders.
9 Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Fabaceae / Leguminosae Herbs Fresh leaves—used internally as galactagogue and for Diarrhea; applied externally to wounds and abscesses. Root—diuretic. Also used for cough, asthma. Dysentery, antitoxic, hepatitis, red eye with in?ammation, lymph infection, anthelmintic action against Ascaris lumbricoides. curing cough, bronchitis and fever
10 Pseudarthria viscida (L.)Wight & Arn. Fabaceae / Leguminosae Herbs Plant is used in tridoshas, cough, asthma, fever, dysentery, cardiac ailments, rheumatoid arthritis and aid in fast healing of fractured bone. The roots are astringent, thermogenic, digestive, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, aphrodisiac, nervine, cardio and rejuvenating tonic. They are useful in vitiated conditions of cough, bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, helminthiasis, Diarrhea, gout, diabetes, hyperthermia and general debility. anti-diabetic, anti Diarrheal, anti cancer, cough, bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, helminthiasis, Diarrhea, inflammation, cardiopathy, fever, hemorrhoids, gout, diabetes, hyperthermia and general debility
11 Drosera indica L. Droseraceae Herbs bronchial infection, whooping cough, hyperglyceamia, hypolipidaemia, tuberculosis, spasms, microbial infections, leprosy, leishmaniasis, malaria, cancer, fertility problems, arteriosclerosis, phthisis, asthma, and acts as immunomodulator, cosmetic, aphrodisiac, chitin synthetase inhibitor, insecticide, antifeedant, abortifacient
12 Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff Asteraceae / Compositae Herbs Plant given in leprosy and skin diseases. Also useful in fistulae, pustules, tumours, phthisis, coughs, bites, stabs and other wounds. Infusion of leaf and root, a remedy for colic, juice of leaves applied to heal ulcers and to cure eye and ear problems. Rrubbed leaves are also used as a haemostatic on wounds, and wrapped around the umbilical cord of babies. Dried flower buds used in toothache. Flowers used in diarrohoia. Plant juice is used for eyesores. Seeds are used to cure anthelminthic problems in animals. Used to treat eye and ear affections (leaf juice); applied to skin affections in general, as a haemostatic on wounds, and wrapped around the umbilical cord of babies (rubbed leaves). The leaf juice is used to treat eye and ear affections. The rubbed leaves are applied to skin affections in general, as a haemostatic on wounds, and wrapped around the umbilical cord of babies. The seeds are applied as an anthelmintic in animals.
13 Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) O. Ketz. Asteraceae / Compositae Herbs It is widely used as folk medicine for diabetes in Rayalaseema, India and a popular ingredient in Ayurvedic medicine. In other places, C anthelminticum has been traditionally applied as anthelmintic, stomachic, digestive, diuretic, tonic, alterative, anti-phlegmatic, anti-asthmatic, anti-phlegmatic treatment, as well as a therapeutic agent for cough, Diarrhea, helmint, skin diseases, ulcers, leucoderma and fevers. anti-diabetic (seed)
14 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less Asteraceae Herbs Eye problems, The seeds yield a fatty oil and are used as an anthelmintic and alexipharmic; they are said to be quite effective against roundworms and threadworms. They are also given for coughs, flatulence, intestinal colic and dysuria and for leucoderma, psoriasis and other chronic skin-diseases. The seeds are made into a paste with lime juice and used for destroying pediculi.
15 Trichodesma zeylanicum (Burn. fil.) R. Br. Boraginaceae Herbs The roots are analgesic. They are chewed or pounded and then soaked in cold water. The resultant infusion is used as a remedy for tuberculosis, stomach ache, Diarrhea, poisoning, and snake bite. The powdered root is applied externally to wounds to relieve the pain. The green leaves and roots are chewed and used as a poultice for both fresh and infected wounds; boils; and snake bite. The plant is diuretic. A decoction is used as a treatment against fevers and dysentery. The ash of burnt plants is an ingredient of prescriptions used for treating coughs and scabies. The leaves are used to prevent stillbirth. The seed oil is used for it's emollient properties.
16 Nicandra physaloides (L.) Scop. Solanaceae Herbs Diuretic, sedative, cough, amoebiasis, anti-pyretic, constipation, laxative, analgesic, anthelmintic, anti-biotic, anti-inflammatory, toothache; Leaf juice given in amoebic dysentery (Bhogaonkar and Devarkar 2002).
17 Scoparia dulcis L. Plantaginaceae Herbs The whole plant is used for ailments like Diarrhea, stomach-ache, kidney stones, kidney problems, and fever. anti-diabetic, digestive problems, pulmonary complaints, fevers, skin disorders, antibilious, antibiotic, anti-dote, aphrodisiac, bitter, blood purifier, emetic, febrifuge, hepatic, hypoglycaemic, stomachic, cough, bronchitis, hypertension, haemorrhoids, insect bites, cytotoxic activity against cancer
18 Sesamum indicum L. Pedaliaceae Herbs The leaves and seed are astringent. The leaves are rich in a gummy matter and when mixed with water they form a rich bland mucilage that is used in the treatment of infant cholera, Diarrhea, dysentery, catarrh and bladder troubles. The seed is diuretic, emollient, galactogogue, lenitive and tonic, and acts as a tonic for the liver and kidneys. It is taken internally in the treatment of premature hair loss and greying, convalescence, chronic dry constipation, dental caries, osteoporosis, stiff joints, dry cough etc. It has a marked ability to increase milk production in nursing mothers. Externally it is used to treat haemorrhoids and ulcers. The seed is very high in calories and so should be used with caution by people who are overweight. The oil is laxative and also promotes menstruation. It is used to treat dry constipation in the elderly. Mixed with lime water, the oil is used externally to treat burns, boils and ulcers. A decoction of the root is used in various traditions to treat asthma and coughs. Sesamum mulayanum: The oil used for massage and also given internally in arthritis. Oil is supposed to have abortifacient property (Bhogaonkar and Devarkar 2002).
19 Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq.) Nees Acanthaceae Herbs treatment of wounds, leaves are used for treating itches, insect bites, sores, eye diseases, tumours, skin diseases, rheumatic complaints, renal affections, dental problems and insect bites. treatment of gonorrhea, syphilis, eye sore, renal infection, cough, wounds, scalds, toothache, stomachache and kidney stones
20 Justicia procumbens L. Acanthaceae Herbs The plant is alterative, anthelmintic, antiphlogistic, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge and laxative. A decoction or an infusion is used in the treatment of asthma, cough, backache, flatulence and many skin conditions. anti-HIV; anti-viral; anti-cancer;
21 Rungia repens (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Herbs The herb is dried and pulverized for use in the treatment of cough and fever; it is also credited with vermifugal and diuretic properties. Fresh, bruised leaves are mixed with castor oil and applied to scalp to cure Tinea capitis, a scaly fungoid infection, usually occurring amongst children.
22 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Verbenaceae Herbs The plant is anodyne, anti-bacterial, astringent, carminative, deobstruent, diuretic, emmenagogue, emollient, febrifuge, parasiticide and refrigerant. It is said to be useful in the treatment of blenorrhoea, lithiasis, ischuria, constipation and pain in the knees. It is used in the treatment of hookworm. An infusion is drunk as a post-partum tonic. The juice of the plant is cooling and is used to relieve minor gastric troubles, fevers, coughs and colds. The aroma of the inhaled plant is breathed in to treat coughs and colds. A poultice of the fresh plant is applied to ripen boils. A paste or poultice is also applied to swollen cervical glands, to erysipelas, burns, and to chronic indolent ulcers.
23 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Verbenaceae Herbs used traditionally by the elderly as a cure for allergies and respiratory conditions, cough, cold, fever, constipation, digestive complications, and dysentery and promotes menstruation; also known to demonstrate antacid, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, antihelminthic, diuretic, laxative, lactagogue, purgative, sedative, spasmogenic, vasodilator, vulnerary, and vermifuge properties
24 Leucas cephalotes (Roth) Spreng. Lamiaceae / Labiatae Herbs treatment for snake bite; The juice extracted from leaves is used to cure skin problems. According to Ayurveda, the plant is mild stimulant and diaphoretic and used in fevers and coughs. The flowers mixed in honey is used as domestic remedy for cough and colds.
25 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Herbs to treat fistula, and as oral medicine for obesity, tumors; used in treatment of cough, bronchitis and rheumatism, malarial fever, dysentery, asthma, hypertension and diabetes, anti-cancer, emmenagogue, purgative, diuretic, anti-malarial, antihyperlipidemic, estrogenic, antileprotic, antispasmodic, cardiotonic, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral agents in traditional systems of medicine. It is also used as antiasthmatic antitussive and in the treatment of snake bite, hydrophobia, urinary calculi, rabies, influenza, otorrhoea, piles, bronchitis, Diarrhea, renal dropsies, gonorrhea, and abdominal pain.
26 Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth Piperaceae Herbs treating abdominal pain, abscesses, acne, boils, colic, fatigue, gout, headache, renal disorders, and rheumatic joint pain; cough suppressant, emollient, and diuretic;
27 Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A.Juss. ex Spreng. Euphorbiaceae Herbs cough and colds; Wound healing; Jaundice and to purify blood; Laxative, Antihelmintic activity;
28 Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Herbs used traditionally for female disorders, respiratory ailments (cough, coryza, bronchitis, and asthma), worm infestations in children, dysentery, jaundice, pimples, gonorrhea, digestive problems, and tumors. anti-cancer
29 Euphorbia neriifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Herbs laxative, purgative, rubefacient, carminative and expectorant as well as in treatment of whooping cough, gonorrhea, leprosy, asthma, dyspepsia, jaundice, enlargement of the spleen, tumours, stone in the bladder, abdominal troubles and leucoderma.
30 Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster Euphorbiaceae Herbs The leaves are strongly diuretic. A decoction is drunk to facilitate childbirth, and against oedema, costal pain and fever. In Sudan the leaves are given against dysentery. The young leaves are given to children as a treatment for coughs and hiccups. A plant extract is reported to be strongly diuretic and is taken to allay spasms, such as griping in dysentery. The plant is also used as a laxative and to treat gonorrhea, dropsy, Diarrhea and malaria. The plant extract is applied externally to treat skin infections. The plant sap is applied to treat bruises, sores and ulcers, and mixed with oil against ophthalmia and conjunctivitis. The fruits are used in the treatment of ulcers, wounds, sores, scabies, ringworm and other skin problems.
31 Phyllanthus urinaria L. Phyllanthaceae Herbs It is used against colic, and as an effective remedy to eliminate gall - and kidney stones, urinary tract infection, bladder inflammation and for other kidney and liver problems in general such as acute - and chronic hepatitis B, which explains the origin of its species name urinaria. commonly used as a diuretic and purgative to treat a wide variety of uro-genital disorders, Diarrhea and diabetes. It is also used as a bitter tonic and to treat fevers, including malaria. In Asia, extracts are widely used against hepatitis B infections. A plant decoction is drunk and plant ash in water is applied as ear drops to treat earache. Externally, the crushed plant parts, or an infusion, are applied to treat ulcers, sores and tumours. The sap of leafy twigs, or a twig decoction, is drunk to treat pain in the side. A paste of fresh crushed leaves and kaolin in water is drunk and applied to the body to treat convulsions, colic, constipation and urethral discharges. The bitter leaves are eaten to treat hiccup and cough.
32 Costus speciosus (J. Koenig.) Sm. Costaceae Herbs Cough, Cold, Digestive, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic, Hepatoprotective, steroidogenic, adaptogenic, anti-microbial effects.
33 Curcuma pseudomontana J.Graham Zingiberaceae Herbs Asthama, Cough, Cold, use tuber extracts to cure jaundice, warm tuber paste to treat body swellings, eat boiled tubers to increase lactation, tuber paste on the head for cooling effect.
34 Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume Amaranthaceae Herbs A decoction of the aerial parts of the plant are drunk as a treatment for cough. An infusion of the whole plant is taken as a remedy for fever and dysentery. A decoction is used as a wash for relieving headache. The sap of the plant is used as ear drops to treat otitis and headache[310. The plant is pulped and applied as a poultice on sores, burns and fractures, where it acts as a haemostatic and cicatrizant. The ash of the burnt plant, mixed with water, is rubbed on the body as a remedy for scabies and other skin ailments. The roots are used as an abortifacient. A decoction of the roots is used as a remedy for dysentery, colds and cough, rheumatism and dropsy. The roots are used in the treatment of abnormal and frequent urination. The root is used as a plaster to treat caterpillar itch, around the neck for cough and on the belly for intestinal worms or shingles. The leaves, mashed with water, are a remedy for cholera. The stem and leaves are a mild laxative. The leaves are used to ease irritations of the throat. A decoction of the leaves is applied to snake bites. The juice from macerated leaves is applied to cuts and bruises as an anti-septic. Macerated leaves are applied to wounds to stop bleeding. The juice of the stem is used as an abortifacient. A decoction is taken as a diuretic and to increase menstrual discharge. The flowers as an expectorant.
35 Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan Commelinaceae Herbs cold, cough, haemoptysis and tuberculosis, diuretic, urinary tract infections including cystitis, dysuria and strangury,
36 Cyperus digitatus Roxb. Cyperaceae Herbs leaves are used to treat coughs, skin anti-allergic
37 Sphaeranthus africanus L. Asteraceae / Compositae Herbs In Ayurveda, the plant is believed to pacify vitiated vata, pitta epilepsy, migraine, jaundice, fever, cough, hemorrhoids, helminthiasis, skin diseases and as nervine tonic.
38 Tricholepis glaberrima DC. Asteraceae Herbs Useful in skin disease, cough urinary troubles; Antioxidant, nervine tonic, aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, anti-septic.
39 Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzsch Oxalidaceae Herbs cough, wounds, fever,
40 Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker Liliaceae Herbs Tubers having medicinal value are used as general tonic, containing the steroid sapogenine (1-2%), protein (10-20%) and calcium. Tubers are fat free and they have high aphrodisiac property. It is also useful in diseases like renal calculus, Leucorrhoea and diabetes. Immunomodulator, stimulant and tonic, antistress, adaptogen, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, antimutagenic, anti-ulcer, antitumor, aphrodisiac, glactogen, antidibetic; Sexual disorders, decreased libido, cough and asthma, dysuria, polyuria, gonorrhea, menorrhagia, leucorrhea, piles and leucoderma, diabetes, obesity and immune problems, ophthalmic conditions, vomiting, dyspepsia, lumbago, joint pain and problems associated nervous system.
41 Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. Cyperaceae Herbs The leaves, stems and rhizomes are analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, decongestant, diuretic, febrifuge and sudorific. A decoction of the whole plant is used as a treatment against a variety of complaints including malaria; colds with fever; whooping cough; bronchitis; swelling pain in the throat. The leaves are taken internally in the treatment of Diarrhea. The pounded rhizome is used as a poultice for sores. A poultice of the fresh leaves is applied to snake bites, furuncles, sprains. A decoction may be used as an external wash in the treatment of pruritis. Ten fresh tubers are made into a paste and eaten with rice; once daily for three days as a treatment for Diarrhea.
42 Achyranthes coynei Amaranthaceae Herbs Leaves are used in treatment of various disorders by folk healers. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant properties; fever, cough, piles etc. Root powder given internally to kill intestinal worms. Root and stem powder with milk given in general debility. Plant decoction given for easy delivery. (Bhogaonkar and Devarkar 2002)
43 Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern. Brassicaceae / Cruciferae Herbs purported diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antifever, and anticough properties and to help with blood circulation and rheumatoid arthritis.
44 Cleome monophylla L. Cleomaceae / Capparaceae Herbs The seeds and leaves of the violet-flowered form of this plant are used, with or without those of Gynandropsis pentaphylla, to make the Ayurvedic drug called 'hurhur' in India. This drug is used on ulcers, boils and wounds and is said to prevent the formation of pus. The roots are chewed in the morning and evening as a treatment for cough. The finely ground leaf is used for removing irritating particles from the eye. Crushed leaves are rubbed on the head as a treatment for headache. The pounded leaves, dried and ground are put on sores. The pounded leaves, tied on to swellings caused by plague, hasten maturation. The whole plant is used externally as a treatment for swellings. The seeds are anthelmintic, rubefacient and vesicant.
45 Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.) C.B.Clark Cucurbitaceae Herbs treatment of chronic rheumatism, snake bite, asthma, dysentery and syphilitic disorders; Tubers are believed to cleanse the wounds, help deal with obesity, skin disease, tumours, cough, bronchitis;
46 Aeginetia indica L. Orobanchaceae Herbs An infusion of the plant taken internally for diabetes. Decoction of plant used for treatment of anasarca due to acute nephritis. Used to treat chronic liver diseases, cough, and arthritis. Root juice taken to treat fever. Considered immunostimulating, anti-cancer, tonic, and anti-inflammatory. Studies have suggest antitumor and immune-stimulatory properties.
47 Vigna radiata var. sublobata FABOIDEAE Herbs The seeds are said to be a traditional source of cures for paralysis, rheumatism, coughs, fevers and liver ailments.
48 Argemone ochroleuca Sweet Papaveraceae Herbs The whole plant is analgesic, antispasmodic, depurative, emetic, emmenagogue, possibly hallucinogenic, sedative and vulnerary. It has been used in the treatment of cancer and epilepsy. A decoction of the leaves is drunk as a treatment for ailments of the spleen and liver, and for jaundice or whooping cough. An infusion of the young leaves or flowers is taken to relieve fever, cough and asthma. The latex is slighly corrosive, diuretc. It has been taken internally in the treatment of dropsy and jaundice. The fresh yellow, milky, acrid sap contains protein-dissolving substances and has been used topically in the treatment of warts, cold sores, cutaneous affections, skin diseases, itches etc, and has been rubbed onto the body for the relief of rheumatic pain. The root is alterative and has been used in the treatment of chronic skin diseases. The flowers are expectorant and narcotic. The seed is antidote, cathartic, demulcent, emetic, expectorant and laxative. An infusion, in small quantities, is used as a sedative for children, but caution is advised since the oil in the seed is strongly purgative. They are useful in the treatment of coughs and catarrhal affections of the throat and pulmonary mucous membrane, and in pertussis and asthma. Though they do not appear to possess any antispasmodic property, they have a distinct effect on asthma, apparently from their combined actions as nauseant, emetic, expectorant and demulcent. As their use is often accompanied by some degree of vomiting and nausea, as a laxative medicine they are more suited to some pulmonary affections than to other diseases. The seed has also been used as an antidote to snake poisoning.
49 Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench Asteraceae Herbs According to Ayurveda, seeds are hot, acrid, astringent, anthelmintic; cure ulcers, Vata and Kapha; use in skin disease, leucoderma, and fever. According to Unani system of medicine, the seeds are anthelmintic, purgative; used for asthma, kidney troubles, hiccough, inflammatory swellings, to remove blood from the liver, sores, and itching of the eyes. The seeds are anthelmintic, stomachic, tonic, diuretic and antiperiodic. The powdered seeds are applied externally in paralysis of the legs at Mundas of Chota Nagpur. The juice of the leaf is given to cure phlegmatic discharges of the nostrils. In Ceylon, the plant is used for fever convulsions.
50 Habenaria plantaginea Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchid Tubers used as folk medicine to treat cough, asthma, helminthiasis, insanity and snake bite. The plant has been used as medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis and paralysis.
51 Nervilia aragoana Comm. ex Gaudich. Orchidaceae Orchid The fresh tubers can be cleaned properly with boiled water and chewed to relive thirst. It also helps in controlling mild mental diseases, cough and vomiting. The leaf and tuber can aslo be pounded to make paste with water for use as ointment for wounds and decoction of leaves is used as protective medicine after childbirth. Used in uropathy, haemoptysis cough asthma, vomiting, Diarrhea & mental instability.
52 Eulophia ochreata Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchid expectorant, anabolic, tonic, diuretic, astringent, digestive, and soft purgative, and also recommended for the treatment of ear discharge, blood clotting, joint edema, and debility. These are also used in stomatitis, purulent cough; and in the heart problems, dyscrasia, and scrofulous diseases of the neck; bronchitis, blood diseases, and as a vermifuge.
53 Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Malvaceae Shrubs Snake bite, Urinal diseases, Anti-cancer (leaf): Kaladhar et al., 2014; The juice of the leaves is demulcent and diuretic. A decoction of the leaves is used to treat fever, colic, and for cleaning wounds and ulcers. A paste made of the leaves or seeds is applied to wounds, boils and ulcers. The seeds are laxative and are useful in cases of haemorrhoids and cough. An infusion of the root is used as a treatment for leprosy. It is taken internally as a cooling remedy for coughs and fevers. A decoction of the flowers is used to treat fever, colic, and for cleaning wounds and ulcers. anti-inflammatory; Anti-proliferative activity; Anti-Arthritic activity; Analgesic; Sedative property; Antioxidant; Antimicrobial activity; Hepatoprotective activity; Anti diabetic; Anti cancer; Anti Diarrheal; Anti-convulsant; Larvicidal; Wound healing; Anti asthmatic; Diuretic; Immunomodulatory; Anti-estrogenic activity;
54 Azanza lampas (Cav.) Alef. Malvaceae Shrubs The roots and fruits are used in the treatment of gonorrhea and syphilis. The root juice is used in the treatment of a range of ailments and also as a health tonic. A root paste is used in the treatment of jaundice. The stem ofthe plan ist used traditionally in the treatment of inflammation, hyperacidity, epistaxis, bronchitis, cough, dysentery, fever, sun stroke, carbincles, and worms. Aqueous extracts of the plant, tested on tapeworms and roundworms, have shown vermicidal activity. They have been found effective as an anthelmintic. A study showed in vitro anti-oxidant activity, with a relationship between extract concentration and percentage of inhibition of free radicals, metal chelating, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Studies have shown that the plant exhibits a statistically significant Hepatoprotective effect, thus supporting its traditional use to treat liver problems. A study of extracts of the plant have shown both anti-oxidant activity and anti-lipoxygenase activity. Lipoxygenases are critical in the biosynthesis of leukotrines which play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory disease. A study has established the lipid lowering properties of an aqueous extract of the roots. Total cholesterol, low-density lipids and triglycerides were significantly reduced, while the high density lipid level was significantly increased.
55 Grewia hirsuta Vahl Tiliaceae Shrubs Vata-pitta shamak, used for heart disease, cough, wounds and dyspnoea (root); in Diarrhea and dysentery (drupes); heart disease, fever (plant). leaves are useful in nose and eye diseases, anthelmintic. The root is astringent to the bowel; useful in cholera, hydrophobia, kidney pain, piles, anthelmintic. Leaves and fruits are purgative, expectorants, carminative, abortifaciant, galactagogue; useful in splenic enlargement, eye troubles, piles, rheumatism pain in joints and in breasts.
56 Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae Shrubs Cough, Urinal disease, Brain tonic, abortifacient, contraceptive, emetic and irritant. The seeds are also antiperiodic, bitter, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic, emetic, expectorant and purgative. The seeds are used externally in the treatment of sciatica, hair loss, skin disease, leprosy, nervous debility and paralysis. The roots have been used to treat digestive disorders. The stem bark is emollient. A decoction is used as a treatment for stomach-ache, thrush, colds, coughs, sore throat and asthma. An extract of the bark is used as a treatment for cancer treatment
57 Crotalaria retusa L. Fabaceae Shrubs The roots are used against coughing up blood. The plant is used as a treatment for complaints such as cough, dyspepsia, fever, cardiac disorders, stomatitis, Diarrhea, scabies and impetigo. An infusion of the plant is used to bathe children in order to prevent skin infections and also to treat thrush. The leaves, mixed with those of Crotalaria quinquefolia, act internally as well as externally against fever, scabies, lung diseases and impetigo. A decoction of the flowers and leaves is used to soothe a cold. The seeds are eaten raw to act as an analgesic to deaden the pain of a scorpion sting. The powdered seeds, mixed with milk, are eaten in order to increase body strength; they are also used to treat skin diseases
58 Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Fabaceae Shrubs A decoction of the leaves is used against stones in the gall bladder, kidneys or bladder. The leaves are applied as a poultice to the head as a treatment for headache. The roots are considered to be alterative, astringent, bitter tonic, diuretic, expectorant and febrifuge. A decoction of the root is employed to treat kidney problems, oedema, swellings, chronic fever, coughs, biliousness, Diarrhea and dysentery; or as a sedative for children. The roots are applied to the gums as a treatment for toothache. A decoction is used externally to clean wounds and ulcers. The whole plant is considered to be anthelmintic. anti-oxidant, cardio-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, nootropic, anti-leshmanial, immunomodulatory activity;
59 Indigofera cassioides DC. Fabaceae Shrubs A decoction of the roots is used in the treatment of coughs. The root is dried, ground into a powder and applied externally in the treatment of pains in the chest.
60 Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Müll.Arg. Euphorbiaceae Shrubs Treatment of wound healing. It is also useful in vitiated conditions of Pitta, burning sensation, strangury, seminal weakness and general debility and is used as a wonderful medicine in menstrual disorders. The plant has been used in preparations in traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, hay asthma, bowel complaints, disinfections, laxatives, for Diarrhea, gonorrhea, constipation and mental illness and kidney stones.
61 Dregea volubilis (L. f.) Benth. ex Hook. f. Apocynaceae Shrubs The leaves are much employed as an application to boils and abscesses. The roots and tender stalks are considered emetic and expectorant. The young roots are cut and the exuding juice is inserted into the nose to cause sneezing. used to treat rheumatic pain, cough, fever and severe cold. Leaf paste is taken along with pepper to treat dyspepsia; bark paste mixed with hot milk is used internally for treating urinary infections.
62 Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) Wight Apocynaceae Shrubs Lactative; The plant is galactogogue, cooling, nutritive, aphrodisiac, stimulant, diuretic, and eyetonic. Useful to cure eye-diseases, seminal debility, general weakness, cough, dyspnoea, fever, asthma, constipation, sore throat, and gonorrhea. Extracts of roots and leaves of the plant act as anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agent. It promotes health and vigour, improves voice, alleviates the three dosas vata, pitta and kapha. It also cures eye diseases, hematemesis, emaciation, cough, dyspnoea, fever and burning sensation.
63 Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae / Asclepiadaceae Shrubs Tonic, The paste of leaves kept in tooth to remove the germs in teeth. Used for urinary diseases. Used in lactation problem. It is used for venereal diseases, herpes, skin diseases, arthritis, rheumatism, gout, epilepsy, insanity, chronic nervous diseases, abdominal distention, intestinal gas, debility, impotence and turbid urine. The root is a valuable alterative, blood purifier, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic and tonic. It is used in the treatment of appetite loss, dyspepsia, fever, skin diseases, syphilis, Leucorrhoea, genitourinary diseases and chronic coughs. A paste of the roots is applied externally to swellings and rheumatic joints.
64 Datura metel L. Solanaceae Shrubs Galfugi, Antibiotic; Thorn apple is a bitter narcotic plant that relieves pain and encourages healing. It has a long history of use as a herbal medicine, being especially well-known as a treatment for chest complaints, including asthma, cough, tuberculosis and bronchitis. The whole plant, but especially the leaves and seed, is abortifacient, anaesthetic, anodyne, antispasmodic, antitussive, bronchodilator, hallucinogenic, hypnotic and mydriatic. It has a wide range of applications, including in the treatment of epilepsy, hysteria, insanity, heart diseases, fever with catarrh, Diarrhea, skin diseases etc. Anaesthetic, antiDiarrheal, anti-pyretic, anti-septic, anodyne, antispasmodic, antitussive, hallucinogenic, hypnotic, hydriatic, narcotic.
65 Solanum violaceum Ortega Solanaceae Shrubs The fruits are diuretic and expectorant. They are an effective treatment against diabetes, and even seem to be capable of curing it. They are also used for relieving cough and alleviating toothache. Applied externally, they are used for treating skin diseases.
66 Barleria prionitis L. Acanthaceae Shrubs utilized for treatment of toothache, catarrhal affections, whooping cough, inflammations, glandular swellings, urinary infection, jaundice, fever, gastrointestinal disorders and as diuretic and tonic.
67 Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees Acanthaceae Shrubs The herb is used for its anti-bacterial property (tuberculostatic), snake poison, in bone fracture, sprain, fever, cold, cough and for ear and eye treatments. Anti-cancer (Ogunwande et al., 2010); It is used on fever, dyspepsia, swellings and bronchitis, juice of the leaves is applied on glandular swelling.
68 Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon Verbenaceae Shrubs The plant is commonly used in traditional medicine as a poultice for skin diseases, yaws, headache, leprosy and persistent fever. It is an ingredient of an embrocation for stiff joints. The dried leaves, roots or stems enter in various prescriptions for haemorrhoids. A decoction of leaves and/or stem is used as a carminative, and to relieve fevers and chronic headache. The pounded leaves are applied externally in various prescriptions for cephalalgia, ophthalmia skin infections, rheumatism and painful joints. A decoction of the stem is used as an anti-malarial and to relieve abdominal pain. A decoction of the fruit is given to relieve colic. Ripe and unripe fruits are chewed with the leaves of Piper betle for treating coughs. The wood is considered diuretic. The root is considered antiemetic. It is used in medicine for treating fevers, rheumatism and dyspepsia. The flowers are consumed during labour. The seeds are used to some extent for treating oedema. It is traditionally valued and reported for treating pain, inflammation, rheumatism, respiratory disorders, fever and malarial fever.
69 Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Shrubs Lantana essential oil is sometimes used for the treatment of skin itches, as an anti-septic for wounds, and externally for leprosy and scabies. It is applied as a poultice on rheumatic joints. The root is sweet and bitter tasting, refrigerant, antifebrile. A decoction is used to treat influenza, cough, mumps, incessant high fever, malaria, cervical lymph node tuberculosis, asthma, toothache, headache, inflammation, gonorrhea and Leucorrhoea. The flowers are sweet tasting, mildly cooling and haemostatic. A decoction of the dried flowers is used in the treatment of haemoptysis and pulmonary tuberculosis. The leaves are aromatic with a minty taste, they have a cooling nature, are antiphlogistic, anti-dermatosic, diaphoretic, febrifuge, pectoral, stimulant, tonic and vulnerary. An infusion of the leaves and flowering tops is used in the treatment of fevers, constipation, tuberculosis, catarrh and bronchitis.
70 Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Shrubs Rheumatism, Skin diseases, important treatment for chronic bronchitis; The aromatic leaves are astringent, febrifuge, sedative, tonic and vermifuge. They are useful in dispersing swellings of the joints from acute rheumatism, and of the testes from suppressed gonorrhea. The juice of the leaves is used for removing foetid discharges and worms from ulcers, whilst an oil prepared with the leaf juice is applied to sinuses and scrofulous sores. The leaves are stuffed into pillows, which are then used to relieve headache. The dried fruit is vermifuge. The fruit is also used in the treatment of angina, colds, coughs, rheumatic difficulties etc. The fresh berries are pounded to a pulp and used in the form of a tincture for the relief of paralysis, pains in the limbs, weakness etc. The root is expectorant, febrifuge and tonic. It is used in the treatment of colds and rheumatic ailments.
71 Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Shrubs The leaves are antitussive, diuretic and febrifuge. They are taken in various ways in the treatment of coughs - they are put into soups; purple coloured leaves are pounded with palm-oil and salt; or they are made into a simple tisane. They are also used in various ways to treat dysenteriform Diarrhea and oedema. The leaves are used in an enema to treat constipation. Applied externally, the leaves are mixed with palm-oil or butter for the treatment of boils. The leaves are also used in topical applications to treat cuts. A decoction is applied in frictions to treat oedema of the legs. Used to treat jaundice, abdominal colics, cephalgias, Diarrheas, paralysis, erectile dysfunction, vomiting and malaria.
72 Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae Shrubs The juice of the bark is used in the treatment of malarial fevers, and is also useful in reducing swellings caused by inflammation. This juice is also applied externally to treat burns, scabies, eczema and ringworm. The fresh bark is cut into small pieces and chewed or kept in the mouth for 1 - 2 hours in order to treat pyorrhoea. A paste of the bark is applied to the gums to treat wounds and swellings of the gums. The thin twigs are popularly used in Nepal as toothbrushes to treat toothache. They are considered especially good for treating bleeding and swollen gums. A leaf infusion is used as a diuretic, for bathing, to treat coughs, and as an enema in treating convulsions and fits. The leaves are also used to treat jaundice, fevers, rheumatic pains, guinea worm sores and poor development of the foetus in pregnant women. In Ghana the ashes from the burnt leaves are applied by rectal injection for treating haemorrhoids. The juice of the leaves, or the latex, is applied directly to wounds and cuts as a styptic and astringent to clean teeth, gums, and to treat sores on the tongue and in the mouth. It is also considered useful for treating decayed teeth.
73 Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Shrubs Lactative, Tonic, used in the form of juice, paste, decoction and powder to treat intrinsic haemorrhage, Diarrhea, piles, hoarseness of voice, cough, arthritis, poisoning, diseases of female genital tract, erysipelas, fever, as aphrodisiac and as rejuvinative. It is also useful in treatment of epilepsy, kidney disorders, chronic fevers, excessive heat, stomach ulcers and liver cancer, increases milk secretion in nursing mothers and regulates sexual behaviors.
74 Ichnocarpus ovatifolius A. DC. Apocynaceae Shrubs use as in atrophy, bleeding gums, convulsions, cough, delirium, dysentery, glossitis, heamaturia, measles; anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and antitumor spectrum of activity.
75 Solanum torvum Sw. Solanaceae Shrubs The juice of the plant is used to treat fevers, coughs, asthma, chest ailments, sore throats, rheumatism, dropsy, stomach aches and gonorrhea. The juice of the flowers, with salt added, is used as eye drops. The leaves are an effective anti-microbial and diuretic. An infusion is used as a treatment for thrush. The leaves are dried and ground to powder, this is used as a medicine for diabetic patients. The leaves are applied topically to treat cuts, wounds and skin diseases. A syrup prepared from the leaves and flowers is used as a treatment for colds. An infusion of the leaves and fruits is used as a treatment for bush yaws and sores. The fruit is diuretic. It is used in the treatment of malaria, stomach aches and problems with the spleen. A decoction is given to children as a treatment for coughs. The young fruits are used to improve the eyesight. A paste of the mature fruit is applied as a poultice to the forehead to treat headaches. The fruit juice is applied locally to ease the irritation of ant bites. A decoction of the root is used to treat venereal disease. The roots are boiled, lime juice is added, and the whole is drunk as a treatment for malaria. The juice of the roots is used to treat vomiting caused by weakness. The pounded root is inserted into the cavity of a decayed tooth to relieve toothache.
76 Oxystelma esculentum (L. fil.) R. Br. Asclepiadaceae Shrubs vital importance in curing the diseases of the modern world like cancer, hepatitis, kidney disorders, stress-related disorders and microbial infections. The plant is hot, bitter, tonic, expectorant, pungent, dry and indigestible; causes flatulence, diuretic, laxative, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, useful in leucoderma and bronchitis. The juice is used in gleet, gonorrhea, pain in the muscles, cough and given to children as an astringent. The milky sap forms a wash for ulcers.
77 Telosma pallida (Roxb.) Craib Asclepiadaceae Shrubs Used to treat whooping cough, cold and asthma. The milky latex obtained from fruit is used in leucoderma and other skin diseases.
78 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Lamiaceae / Labiatae Shrubs The plant is used against swellings, fever, gastro-intestinal troubles and as an abortifacient. A decoction of the whole plant is employed to clean out the uterus; treat Diarrhea and heavy cramps; as a diuretic; and as a tonic to strengthen the back. The leaves and flowers are cholagogue. An infusion is used as an antidysenteric; decocted with salt or sugar in a preparation to dissolve renal calculi. The leaf juice is used in the treatment of thrush. In a plaster for wounds. Cooked in an infusion which is drunk to treat itches and skin diseases. The infusion of leaves is traditionally being used to cure the stomach pain of the children and also to cure cough and cold.
79 Caesalpinia bonduc (L.)Roxb. CAESALPINIOIDEAE Shrubs The seeds are anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-viral, febrifuge, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycaemic, mildly purgative, stomachic and tonic. The seeds are used to soothe stomach disorders. The seed oil is used to treat rheumatism. The leaves are an ingredient of a famous cough formula.
80 Dichrostachys cinerea (L.)Wight & Arn. MIMOSOIDEAE Shrubs The bark is astringent and vermifuge. It is used in the treatment of dysentery, headaches, toothaches and elephantiasis. The root is anthelmintic, purgative and strongly diuretic. Infusions are taken for the treatment of snake bites, leprosy, syphilis and coughs. A decoction of the root has been used as a contraceptive for women. The pounded roots and leaves are used to treat epilepsy. The roots or the leaves can be chewed and placed on the sites of snake bites and scorpion stings. The leaves are diuretic and laxative. Applied externally, they are believed to produce a local anaesthesia. They are used in treating gonorrhea, boils, sore eyes and toothaches. A powder from the leaves is used in the massage of fractures. A chloroform extract of the leaves has been shown to possess anti-bacterial and analgesic activites. A saponin extract of the leaves has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory activity An aqueous extract of the leaves has been shown to possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
81 Abutilon hirtum MALVACEAE Shrubs The plant (part not specified) is used to ease childbirth and to expel the placenta. The plant is used as a poultice to ease the pain of kidney gravel and is often mixed with glutinous rice and applied to ulcers. The roots are anti-pyretic and also used in the treatment of coughs and toothache. The leaves or flowers are applied to abscesses.
82 Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston Bixaceae Tree ANTI-CARCINOGENIC; Ladies urinal problems; The gum extracted from bark is used in the treatment of - Cough, Sedative and Cooling effect. It is used in the treatment of coughs and gonorrhea. The dried leaves and flowers are stimulant.
83 Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rahamnaceae Tree Bark and leaf powder or paste applied externally for chest pain due to cough. Stomachache, indigestion: Fruit powder(3 – 4 g)administered with pinch ginger powder thrice in a day. Used in pyorrhoea and to check oogenesis. Root bark and fruit of this plant, traditionally used to treat Bronchial Asthma, Thirst, Diarrhea and as Aphrodisiac. Fruit and bark is used as Antimicrobial. Bark is used as an anti-inflammatory, Antinoceceptive and as Anticonvulsants.
84 Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Almeida Anacardiaceae Tree The roots are acrid, astringent, cooling, depurative and constipating, and are useful in treatment of Diarrhea. Leaves are used in the treatment of skin diseases. Fruits are used in treating cough and asthma. The gum from the tree is used against leprosy in traditional medicine. The roots are acrid, astringent, cooling, depurative and constipating. They are useful in the treatment of Diarrhea. The leaves are used in the treatment of skin diseases. The fruits are used in treating coughs and asthma. Treating leprosy
85 Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Tree The leaves are astringent and odontalgic. An infusion is drunk to reduce blood pressure and as a treatment for conditions such as angina, asthma, coughs and diabetes. Externally, the leaves are used in a convalescent bath. A mouthwash made from the leaves is effective in hardening the gums and helping to treat dental problems. The leaves are used to treat skin irritations. The charred and pulverized leaves are used to make a plaster for removing warts and also act as a styptic. The seed is astringent, antiDiarrheal; anthelmintic when roasted. It is used to treat stubborn colds and coughs, obstinate Diarrhea and bleeding piles. The pulverised seed is made into a sweetened tea and drunk, or taken as powders, for treating dysentery. The seeds are ground up and used to treat scorpion stings. The bark is astringent, homeostatic and antirheumatic. Used in the treatment of haemorrhage, Diarrhea and throat problems. When incised, the bark yields an oleoresin which is stimulant, sudorific and antisyphilitic. The stem is astringent. It is used to treat Diarrhea and to remedy stomach-ache. The roots are diuretic. The flowers are aphrodisiac. The fruit is antiscorbutic and antidysenteric.Various parts of plant are used as a dentrifrice, anti-septic, astringent, diaphoretic, stomachic, vermifuge, tonic, laxative and diuretic and to treat Diarrhea, dysentery, anaemia, asthma, bronchitis, cough, hypertension, insomnia, rheumatism, toothache, Leucorrhoea, haemorrhage and piles. All parts are used to treat abscesses, broken horn, rabid dog or jackal bite, tumour, snake bite, stings, datura poisoning, heat stroke, miscarriage, anthrax, blisters, wounds in the mouth, tympanitis, colic, Diarrhea, glossitis, indigestion, bacillosis, bloody dysentery, liver disorders, excessive urination, tetanus and asthma.
86 Pongamia pinnata (L.)Pierre Fabaceae Tree The seed oil is given as a stomachic and cholagogue in the treatment of dyspepsia and cases of sluggish liver. It is used externally as a liniment for rubbing on skin diseases and rheumatic joints. It has been shown to be effective in enhancing the pigmentation of skin affected by leucoderma or scabies. The powdered seed is given as an expectorant in the treatment of bronchitis and whooping cough, and is also prescribed as a febrifuge and tonic. A paste made from the powdered seed is spread on sores and rheumatic joints. An infusion of the leaves is used to relieve rheumatism. A decoction is used as a cough remedy. The leaves are crushed and applied as a poultice for the treatment of parasitic skin diseases and to relieve bleeding haemorrhoids. The expressed juice is used on herpes and itches. The flowers are claimed to have anti-diabetic action. The fresh stem bark is astringent and is taken internally to relieve bleeding haemorrhoids. It is also applied to reduce the enlargement of the spleen. The root bark contains a bitter alkaloid and is used as an abortifacient. The anti-septic root juice is put on sores and ulcers and used to clean teeth. Plant is used for anti-infl ammatory, anti-plasmodial, anti-nonciceptive, anti-hyperglycaemics, anti-lipidoxidative, anti-Diarrheal, anti-ulcer, anti-hyperammonic and anti-oxidant.
87 Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. Fabaceae Tree Being commonly prescribed to treat cough, gout, glandular swellings and goiter, haemorrhage, leprosy, menorrhagia, scrofula, urinary disorders, wasting diseases, worm infestations and wounds and for liver disorders.
88 Bauhinia variegata L. Caesalpiniaceae / Fabaceae / Leguminosae Tree Mulvyadh, Anti-cancer(Tu et al., 2016).Paste of roots with rice is applied over wound. Decoction of buds is given twice a day in having blood in cough. It is used to stop the excess bleeding during menses.Dried flower powder with honey given in acidity. The bark is alterative, anthelmintic, astringent and tonic. The juice of the bark is used in the treatment of amoebic dysentery, Diarrhea and other stomach disorders. A paste of the bark is useful in the treatment of cuts and wounds, skin diseases, scrofula and ulcers. The dried buds are used in the treatment of piles, dysentery, Diarrhea and worms. The juice of the flowers is used to treat Diarrhea, dysentery and other stomach disorders. The root is used as an anti-dote to snake poison. A decoction of the root is used to treat dyspepsia.
89 Tamarindus indica L. Fabaceae Tree The bark is astringent and tonic and its ash may be given internally as a digestive. Incorporated into lotions or poultices, the bark may be used to relives sores, ulcers, boils and rashes. It may also be administered as a decoction against asthma and amenorrhea and as a febrifuge. Leaf extracts exhibit anti-oxidant activity in the liver, and are a common ingredient in cardiac and blood sugar reducing medicines. Young leaves may be used in fomentation for rheumatism, applied to sores and wounds, or administered as a poultice for inflammation of joints to reduce swelling and relieve pain. A sweetened decoction of the leaves is good against throat infection, cough, fever, and even intestinal worms. The filtered hot juice of young leaves, and a poultice of the flowers, is used for conjunctivitis. The leaves are warmed and tied to affected areas in order to relieve swellings and pains, particularly sprains. They are also used for bathing sores or to bathe persons suffering from measles or allergies. The leaves and flowers are used to make a sweetened tea that is drunk by children as a remedy for measles. They were also used in a preparation which was drunk in early Guyana as a malaria remedy. A decoction of the flower buds is used as a remedy for children's bedwetting and urinary complaints. The fruit is aperient and laxative. A syrup made from the ripe fruit is drunk in order to keep the digestive organs in good condition, and also as a remedy for coughs and chest colds. The flesh of the fruit is eaten to cure fevers and control gastric acid. The fruit pulp may be used as a massage to treat rheumatism, as an acid refrigerant, a mild laxative and also to treat scurvy. Powdered seeds may be given to cure dysentery and Diarrhea. The plant contains pyrazines and thiazoles. The seed contains polyoses. The bark yields proanthocyanidin and hordenine. It is used traditionally in abdominal pain, Diarrhea and dysentery, helminthes infections, wound healing, malaria and fever, constipation, inflammation, cell cytotoxicity, gonorrhea, and eye diseases.
90 Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Fabaceae Tree mother and child healthcare; skin diseases; used in melancholia, conjunctivits, haemaptysis, catarrah, cough, pruritus, leprosy, leucoderma, skin diseases, helminthiasis, norexia, Diarrhea, dysentery, foul ulcers and wounds, aemoptysis, haematemesis, haemorrages, fever, anaemia, diabetes and pharyngodynia.
91 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Fabaceae Tree anti-septic, Antibacterial, Anti-allergic, Antidermatosis, Antidysenteric, Bronchitis, Piles, Hemicranias, Cough, Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, Asthma etc. Anticancer; The leaves and seeds are used in the treatment of eye problems such as ophthalmia. The bark is astringent. It is taken internally to treat Diarrhea, dysentery and piles. The bark is used externally to treat boils. The flowers are applied locally to maturate boils and alleviate skin eruptions. The powdered seeds are used to treat scrofula. Saponin from the pods and roots has spermicidal activity.
92 Albizia odoratissima (L. f.) Benth. Fabaceae Tree The bark is applied externally in leprosy and in inverate ulcers. The leaves boiled in ghi are used by Santals as a remedy for coughs. Asthma;
93 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Combretaceae Tree Heart tonic; Fruit powder with sugar is given to increase eye sight. Fruits cover is chewed to get relief from cough. Powder of fruit equally mixed with Ashwagandha churn given with warm water in heart trouble. Leaf powder along with powder of Datura leaf used in smoking to get relief from Asthma. Fruit is useful in urinary diseases and keeping mind cool. Excess consumption of seeds is sedative. The bark is a cardiac tonic, lowers blood pressure and reduces blood cholesterol levels. Arjuna is a herb where modern research has fully supported its traditional use for treating heart disease. The bark is taken internally to treat a range of heart conditions and seems to work best when blood supply to the heart is poor, as in angina and ischaemic heart disease. It is also of value in helping to maintain a steady heart beat.
94 Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Combretaceae Tree It is anthelmintic, astringent (especially when ripe), digestive, tonic and laxative (especially when unripe). The fruit is used internally principally in the treatment of digestive and respiratory problems. the ripe fruit is used in cases of Diarrhea and indigestion, whilst the unripe fruit is used as a laxative in cases of chronic constipation. The fruit is often used to treat upper respiratory tract infections that cause symptoms of sore throats, hoarseness and coughs. Externally, the fruit is used to make a lotion for sore eyes. The sour fruits are one of the ingredients of 'triphala', an Ayurvedic rejuvenative, laxative tonic based on this species plus the fruits of Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia chebula.
95 Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae Tree The treatment of asthma, sore throat, vomiting, hiccough, Diarrhea, dysentery, bleeding piles, ulcers, gout, heart and bladder diseases. The plant has been demonstrated to possess multiple pharmacological and medicinal activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, Hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antiproliferative, radioprotective, cardioprotective, antiarthritic, anticaries, gastrointestinal motility and wound healing activity.
96 Careya arborea Roxb. Lecythidaceae Tree Cough, Dental Problems, The bark of the tree and the sepals of the flowers are well-known Indian remedies, and are valued on account of their astringent and mucilaginous properties, being administered internally in coughs and colds and applied externally as an embrocation. Traditionally used in the treatment of tumours, bronchitis, skin disease, epileptic fits, astringents, anti-dote to snake-venom, abscesses, boil and ulcer. Fruits are used as decoction to promote digestion. Leaves and flowers are used in the form of paste to cure several skin diseases. It is also used as remedy for Diarrhea, dysentery with bloody stools and ear pain. Leaf paste and pulp used as poultice rapidly heals ulcers and root is used for the treatment of tuberculosis and skeletal fractures. cytotoxic activity, antitumor effect, N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis, CNS depressant, anticoagulant and anti-oxidant activity
97 Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. Sapotaceae Tree The flowers are regarded as cooling, tonic and demulcent. They are used in the treatment of coughs, colds and bronchitis. The bark is used medicinally in the treatment of leprosy. A decoction of the bark is given to diabetic patients. The oil from the seeds is used in the treatment of skin diseases. t is used as Anti diabetic, anti-ulcer, anti-cancer, hepato protective, anti pyretic, anti fertility, analgesic, anti oxidant, swelling, inflammation, piles, emetic, dermatological, laxative, tonic, anti burn, anti earth worm, wound healing headache and many more problems.
98 Cordia dichotoma Forster. f., Prodr. Boraginaceae Tree Cough, Skin diseases, anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulator and analgesic activity. From the ancient time, leaves and stem bark are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, fever, Diarrhea, leprosy, gonorrhea and burning sensation. Leaf of plant traditionally shows the therapeutic uses and actions such as anthelmintic, astringent, diuretic, demulcent, purgative, expectorant, tonic, ulcer and cough.
99 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Tree Ear problems; anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, Hepatoprotective and immunomodulaory; The bitter bark of the root is astringent, blood purifier and tonic. It is used in the treatment of stomach complaints, Diarrhea and dysentery. An alcoholic maceration of the fresh bark is externally applied on allergic dermatitis. When mixed with turmeric, the bark is used for healing sores of animals. The root is credited with antirheumatic, antidysenteric and diuretic properties. The seeds and bark are used medicinally for alleviating body pain, especially during fevers, and as an antiphlogistic medicine. It is also applied to burns and wounds. The juice of the bark is taken internally to treat Diarrhea and dysentery. A decoction of the bark is refrigerant, used in the treatment of fevers and jaundice. A decoction of the leaves is drunk as a treatment for stomach-ache. Applied externally the leaves are employed in the treatment of cholera, fever, childbirth and rheumatic swellings. The boiled leaves are used as a poultice during and after childbirth, and in dysentery as well as for an enlarged spleen. Leaf poultices may be further applied for toothache and headache. The seed is expectorant and laxative. A decoction is used in treating coughs, bronchitis and gastritis. The seeds are applied externally to ulcers.
100 Stereospermum personatum (Hassk.) Chatterjee Bignoniaceae Tree Digestive, Sexual problems, diuretic, Lithotropic, expectorant, cardio tonic and aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, anti bacterial, febrifuge, tonic, anti emetic, anti pyretic, rheumatalgia, malarial fever, wound, asthma and cough.
101 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Tree The roots have great medicinal value as a blood purifier, laxative, stomachic, tonic and as an anti-dote to poisons. The leaf sap is used as a demulcent to treat gonorrhea and cough, and is also applied to wounds and ulcers. The flowers have been used to treat leprosy and blood diseases. The root and bark of Gmelina arborea are stomachic, galactagogue laxative and anthelmintic; improve appetite, useful in hallucination, piles, abdominal pains, burning sensations, fevers, ‘tridosha’ and urinary discharge. Leaf paste is applied to relieve headache and juice is used as wash for ulcers. Flowers are sweet, cooling, bitter, acrid and astringent. They are useful in leprosy and blood diseases. In Ayurveda it has been observed that Gamhar fruit is acrid, sour, bitter, sweet, cooling, diuretic tonic, aphrodisiac, alternative astringent to the bowels, promote growth of hairs, useful in ‘vata’, thirst, anaemia, leprosy, ulcers and vaginal discharge. The plant is recommended in combination with other drugs for the treatment of snake – bite and scorpion- sting. In snake – bite a decoction of the root and bark is given internally.
102 Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Ulmaceae Tree The plant is vermifuge, and is known to have anti-plasmodium properties. Both bark and leaf decoctions are used as a gargle, inhalation, drink, lotion, bath or vapour bath for coughs, sore throat, asthma, bronchitis, gonorrhea, yellow fever, toothache. The leaves are reported to be a general anti-dote to poisons. A bark infusion is drunk to control dysentery. A tea made from small pieces of the roasted wood is used to treat dysentery.
103 Ficus exasperata Vahl. Moraceae Tree The leaf extract has been used to treat high blood pressure, rheumatism, arthritis, intestinal pains and colics, epilepsy, bleeding and wounds. The roots are also used to manage asthma, dyspnoea and venereal diseases. Root decoctions are used in the treatment of urinary tract ailments, gonorrhea, asthma and tuberculosis. The root is chewed in case of cough. The root is an ingredient in a prescription to expel worms. The root bark is used against eye problems. The body is rubbed with root scrapings as a tonic. The wood ash or charcoal is applied on lesions caused by leprosy. Decoctions of the bark are used in the treatment of coughs, worms, haemorrhoids and abnormal enlargement of the spleen. Sap from the stem bark is used to stop bleeding, as a treatment of wounds, sores, abscesses, eye ailments, stomach-ache and for the removal of spines, but some traditional healers consider it corrosive to the skin and dangerous to ingest. The ash of burnt stem bark is sprinkled on wounds. Scrapings from the bark are made into an embrocation with stimulant and tonic properties. The stem bark is locally applied on the body for the treatment of malaria. The leaves and young stems are abortifacient, analgesic, anti-dote, diuretic, emetic, oxytocic and stomachic. A decoction is taken for the treatment of dysentery; diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract; respiratory conditions such as coughs, colds, flu and asthma; hypertension. The young leaf is chewed and swallowed in case of gastric ulcers. The fresh leaf is used as an ingredient of preparations for the treatment of heart diseases. The leaves are cooked with bananas and eaten as a treatment for gonorrhea; the cooking water is also drunk for this purpose.
104 Ixora arborea Roxb. ex Sm. Rubiaceae Tree Flowers, pounded with milk, for whooping cough. Bark: a decoction for anaemia and general debility. Fruit and root, given to females when urine is highly colored.
105 Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre. Magnoliaceae Tree The bark is used as a febrifuge. A decoction of the bark and leaves is given after childbirth. The flowers are used to treat leprosy. The leaves are used as a treatment against colic. The seeds are used to treat badly chapped skin. Traditionally, the joy perfume tree was used in several treatments including fever, leprosy, cough, ulcer, abdominal cohlic, rheumatism, constipation, dysmenorrhoea, bronchitis, wounds, skin diseases and various other disorders. Also, this plant possesses numerous pharmacological properties such as anti-microbial, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, insecticidal, anti-uretic, anti-dinic, carminative, anti-diabetic etc.
106 Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile MIMOSOIDEAE Tree plant is therapeutic used as Anti-cancer, anti tumours, Antiscorbutic, Astringent, anti-oxidant, Natriuretic, Antispasmodial, Diuretic, Intestinal pains and Diarrhea, Nerve stimulant, Cold, Congestion, Coughs, Dysentery, Fever, Hemorrhages, Leucorrhea, Ophthalmia and Sclerosis (33). Seed: seeds have anti-malarial, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive and antispasmodic activities. Leaves & Pod: The leaves and pods are an excellent fodder with anti-inflammatory properties, rich in protein. The pods have molluscicidal and algicidal properties. Bark: It is used in the treatment of hemorrhages, cold, Diarrhea, tuberculosis and leprosy. Root: it is used as an aphrodisiac and the flowers for treating syphilis lesions. Gum: Gum obtains from the tree is pharmaceutically used as suspending and emulsifying agent and in preparation of many formulations. Its resins repel insects and water.
107 Anacardium occidentale L. ANACARDIACEAE Tree The leaves are febrifuge. They are used in west Africa in the treatment of malaria. In India and Africa the leaves are used to treat toothache and gum problems. The leaves can be harvested at any time and dried for later use. The bark is astringent, rubefacient and vesicant. Research has shown that it is also hypoglycaemic, having the ability to reduce blood sugar levels. The bark is used in Ayurvedic medicine to detoxify snake bites. Leaf and bark infusions are used in the treatment of toothache and sore gums, whilst the bark and leaf extracts and fruit juice are taken internally to treat Diarrhea. The fruit is anti-scorbutic, astringent and diuretic. Cashew syrup is a good remedy for coughs and colds. Cashew apple juice is said to be effective for the treatment of syphilis, and is also used in the treatment of cholera and kidney troubles. The fresh, acrid juice inside the shell is vesicant. It has been used for removing warts, as well as for treating ringworm, leprosy and corns, and is applied to the soles of the feet to cure cracks in the skin. The gum is bactericidal, fungicidal and kills worms and protozoa.It is applied externally in the treatment of leprosy, and for corns and fungal conditions.
108 Eucalyptus globulus Labill. MYRTACEAE Tree The essential oil found in the leaves is a powerful anti-septic and is used all over the world for relieving coughs and colds, sore throats and other infections. The essential oil is a common ingredient in many over-the-counter cold remedies. The adult leaves, without their petioles, are antiperiodic, anti-septic, aromatic, deodorant, expectorant, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic and stimulant. The leaves, and the essential oil they contain, are anti-septic, antispasmodic, astringent, expectorant, febrifuge, haemostatic, stimulant, tonic and vermifuge. Extracts of the leaves have anti-bacterial activity. The essential oil obtained from various species of eucalyptus is a very powerful anti-septic, especially when it is old, because ozone is formed in it on exposure to air. It has a decided disinfectant action, destroying the lower forms of life. The oil can be used externally, applied to cuts, skin infections etc, it can also be inhaled for treating blocked nasal passages, it can be gargled for sore throat and can also be taken internally for a wide range of complaints. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy. Its keyword is 'Respiratory system'.
109 Juglans regia JUGLANDACEAE Tree The leaves are alterative, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, astringent and depurative. They are used internally the treatment of constipation, chronic coughs, asthma, Diarrhea, dyspepsia etc. The leaves are also used to treat skin ailments and purify the blood. They are considered to be specific in the treatment of strumous sores. Male inflorescences are made into a broth and used in the treatment of coughs and vertigo. The rind is anodyne and astringent. It is used in the treatment of Diarrhea and anaemia. The seeds are antilithic, diuretic and stimulant. They are used internally in the treatment of low back pain, frequent urination, weakness of both legs, chronic cough, asthma, constipation due to dryness or anaemia and stones in the urinary tract. Externally, they are made into a paste and applied as a poultice to areas of dermatitis and eczema. The oil from the seed is anthelmintic. It is also used in the treatment of menstrual problems and dry skin conditions. The cotyledons are used in the treatment of cancer. Walnut has a long history of folk use in the treatment of cancer, some extracts from the plant have shown anti-cancer activity. The bark and root bark are anthelmintic, astringent and detergent.
110 Limonia acidissima Linn. RUTACEAE Tree It is used mainly as a liver tonic to stimulate the digestive system. The fruit is also astringent, especially when unripe, and a cardiac tonic. The pulp of the fruit, especially when unripe, is used in the treatment of Diarrhea and dysentery. The fruit is also seen as an effective treatment for hiccough, sore throat and diseases of the gums. Both the fruit pulp and the powdered rind can be poulticed onto bites and stings of venomous insects. They are astringent and are used internally, often combined with milk and sugar, in the treatment of indigestion, flatulence, Diarrhea, dysentery (especially in children) and haemorrhoids. The powdered gum, mixed with honey, is given to overcome dysentery and Diarrhea in children. The spines are crushed with those of other trees and an infusion taken as a remedy for menorrhagia. The bark is chewed with that of Barringtonia and applied on venomous wounds.
111 Mesua ferrea L. CALOPHYLLACEAE Tree A mixture of pounded kernels and seed oil is used for poulticing wounds. The seed-oil is used for treating itch, scabies and other skin eruptions, dandruff and rheumatism. The fruit is alterative and stimulant. A paste of the fruit is applied to boils. The flowers are astringent and stomachic. A paste made from the flowers is used in the treatment of amoebic dysentery. A decoction of the flowers is drunk by women after childbirth. It is used as a haemostatic, antidysenteric and antiDiarrheal. The leaves are applied to the head in the form of a poultice for severe colds. Oil from the seeds is used for sores, scabies, wounds, and rheumatism. The root of this herb is often used as an anti-dote for snake poison. The dried flowers are used for bleeding hemorrhoids and dysentery with mucus. Fresh flowers are also prescribed for excessive thirst, excessive perspiration, cough, and for indigestion.
112 Moringa oleifera Lam MORINGACEAE Tree The horseradish tree is a nutritious, diuretic, laxative herb that is expectorant, increases milk flow, controls bacterial infections and is rubefacient when applied topically. It contains a potent antibiotic. Ben oil, obtained from the seeds, has no taste, smell or colour and is exceptionally resistant to oxidation. The young leaves are taken internally to increase the milk flow in nursing mothers. The root is used as a vesicant. The root juice is used internally in the treatment of asthma, gout, rheumatism, enlarged spleen and liver, bladder and kidney stones, inflammatory conditions. xternally, the root is used to treat boils, ulcers, glandular swellings, infected wounds, skin diseases, dental infections, snake bites and gout. The roots and bark are used for cardiac and circulatory problems, as a tonic and for inflammation. The gum is demulcent, diuretic, astringent and abortifacient. It is used in cough syrups and in the treatment of asthma. The bark and gum are used in the treatment of tuberculosis and septicaemia. Flowers and immature fruits are said to be a good rubefacient. Oil of Ben is used for hysteria, scurvy, prostate problems and bladder troubles.
113 Morus alba MORACEAE Tree The leaves are anti-bacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, hypoglycaemic, odontalgic and ophthalmic. They are taken internally in the treatment of colds, influenza, eye infections and nosebleeds. An injected extract of the leaves can be used in the treatment of elephantiasis and purulent fistulae. The leaves are collected after the first frosts of autumn and can be used fresh but are generally dried. The stems are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, diuretic, hypotensive and pectoral. They are used in the treatment of rheumatic pains and spasms, especially of the upper half of the body, high blood pressure. A tincture of the bark is used to relieve toothache. The branches are harvested in late spring or early summer and are dried for later use. The fruit has a tonic effect on kidney energy. It is used in the treatment of urinary incontinence, dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia due to anaemia, neurasthenia, hypertension, diabetes, premature greying of the hair and constipation in the elderly. The root bark is antiasthmatic, antitussive, diuretic, expectorant, hypotensive and sedative. It is used internally in the treatment of asthma, coughs, bronchitis, oedema, hypertension and diabetes. The roots are harvested in the winter and dried for later use. The bark is anthelmintic and purgative, it is used to expel tape worms. anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-microbic, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-cancer;
114 Mussaenda frondosa L. RUBIACEAE Tree The juice of the plant is used to treat eye infections. A decoction of the leaves is used to rid the body of intestinal worms. The root is used as a treatment for leprosy. The juice of the roots, combined with about 10% by volume of cow's urine, is used in the treatment of jaundice. The juice is also used to treat blemishes on the tongue; The juice of the bark is used in the treatment of body ache, Diarrhea and dysentery. The flowers are diuretic. They are used in the treatment of cough.
115 Prunus persica (L.) Stokes ROSACEAE Tree The leaves are astringent, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, laxative, parasiticide and mildly sedative. They are used internally in the treatment of gastritis, whooping cough, coughs and bronchitis. They also help to relieve vomiting and morning sickness during pregnancy, though the dose must be carefully monitored because of their diuretic action. The dried and powdered leaves have sometimes been used to help heal sores and wounds. The leaves are harvested in June and July then dried for later use. The flowers are diuretic, sedative and vermifuge. They are used internally in the treatment of constipation and oedema. A gum from the stems is alterative, astringent, demulcent and sedative. The seed is antiasthmatic, antitussive, emollient, haemolytic, laxative and sedative. It is used internally in the treatment of constipation in the elderly, coughs, asthma and menstrual disorders. The bark is demulcent, diuretic, expectorant and sedative. It is used internally in the treatment of gastritis, whooping cough, coughs and bronchitis. The root bark is used in the treatment of dropsy and jaundice. The bark is harvested from young trees in the spring and is dried for later use.