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Botanical Name Plant's Common Name Plant Family   

    TOTAL NUMBER OF MEDICINAL PLANT RECORDS FOR URINARY IN MPDB : 47

    AQUATIC : 0     BAMBOO : 1     CLIMBERS : 4     GRASSES : 0     HERBS : 17     ORCHIDS : 1     SHRUBS : 10     TREES : 14

 Sr. No.   Medicinal Plant's Name   Plant's Family   Plant category   Medicinal Uses 
1 Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. Poaceae Bamboo The root (burnt root) is applied to ringworm, bleeding gums, painful joints (Khare, 2007). Seeds are acrid, laxative, said to be beneficial in strangury and urinary discharges (Chopra et al., 1958). Bark is used for skin eruptions (Khare, 2007). Leaf is emmenagogue, antileprotic, febrifuge, bechic, used in haemoptysis (Khare, 2007). anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, Anthelmintic, Astringent, Emmengogue activity
2 Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Cucurbitaceae Climbers Applied in bleeding piles and urinary complaints. The root paste is applied over the body as a sedative in fever.
3 Merremia tridentata (L.) Hallier f. Convolvulaceae Climbers Maceration of the leaves is drunk as an anti-venom after snake bites. A decoction of a mixture of plants, drunk against candida infections of mouth, digestive tract or anus. In India the plant is one of the sources of the Ayurvedic medicine ‘Prasarini’, which is attributed with astringent, aphrodisiac, laxative and bitter properties. The aerial parts are used in treating haemorrhoids, swellings, rheumatic affections and urinary infections. anti-inflammatory; Anti-arthritic
4 Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. APOCYNACEAE Climbers In Rajasthan this species is used for many purposes, e.g. the seeds, brayed to a paste, are used to cure deafness, while this paste is dropped into the ears. An decoction made from the tubers is used, orally, to ease dropping out urinary bladder stones. Furthermore the tubers are eaten, either raw or cooked. The tubers are considered to be digestive and tonic.
5 Smilax zeylanica L. SMILACACEAE Climbers The roots of Kumarika are used for veneral diseases. Also applied in rheumatic swellings and given in urinary complaints and dysentery.
6 Tinospora cordifolia auct. non (DC). Miers: Hook f. & Thoms. Menispermaceae Herbs Fevers, Diabetes, Dyspepsia, Jaundice, Urinary problems, Skin diseases and Chronic Diarrhea, Dysentery, Heart diseases, Leprosy, Helmenthiasis and Rheumatoid arthritis, Anti-cancer (Gach et al., 2015); Leaves crushed with warm water, two drops poured in ear to cure the infection. 10 gm green leaves of wheat and leaves of Tinospora crushed with water; a cup of filtrate is used daily to cure cancer.
7 Cleome gynandra L. Cleomaceae / Capparaceae Herbs anti-inflammatory, pain, swelling, fever, cough, asthma, skin and urinary diseases.
8 Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell. Violaceae Herbs Treating Diarrhea, Urinary infections, Leucorrhoea, Dysuria, Inflammation, Cholera and Sterility, aphrodisiac, demulcent, tonic, diuretic, anti-convulsant and anti-malarial and used to treat urinary infections, Diarrhea, Leucorrhoea, dysuria, inflammation and male sterility
9 Portulaca quadrifida L. Portulacaceae Herbs Diuretic, to treat Rheumatism and gynaecological diseases, as a sedative, analgesic and cardiotonic, to treat fever, disorders of the urinary tract, worm diseases, as a tonic and choleretic, to treat dysentery, and to apply externally to ulcers, eczema and dermatitis
10 Melochia corchorifolia L. Sterculiaceae Herbs Leaves: ulcers, abdominal swelling, and headache and chest pain; Leaves and roots are used to treat urinary disorders, abdominal swellings, dysentery, snake bites and sores. An aqueous solution of leaves has insecticidal properties.
11 Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Herbs The plant has been used as a diuretic for various urinary problems. There seems to be no scientific data to support this. Its use for bladder problems may go back to the doctrine of signatures. Physalis is the Greek word for bladder. diuretic, purgative, analgesic, anthelmentic, febrifuge, vermifuge, abortificient,antifertility, hypoglycemic, cytotoxic, anti-ulcer, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-malarial, amylase,
12 Solanum surattense Burm. f. Solanaceae Herbs Panchang (whole herb including roots) and berries, have anthelmintic property, useful in bronchitis, asthma, fever relieving, thirst and given in urinary concretions. The leaves have good application for piles. The fruit is laxative. Fumigations with the vapour of the burning seeds of this plant are found useful for the cure of toothache. Plant used as diuretic, in dropsy, leaves applied locally to relieve pain in rheumatism.
13 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Herbs to treat fistula, and as oral medicine for obesity, tumors; used in treatment of cough, bronchitis and rheumatism, malarial fever, dysentery, asthma, hypertension and diabetes, anti-cancer, emmenagogue, purgative, diuretic, anti-malarial, antihyperlipidemic, estrogenic, antileprotic, antispasmodic, cardiotonic, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral agents in traditional systems of medicine. It is also used as antiasthmatic antitussive and in the treatment of snake bite, hydrophobia, urinary calculi, rabies, influenza, otorrhoea, piles, bronchitis, Diarrhea, renal dropsies, gonorrhea, and abdominal pain.
14 Digera muricata (L.) Mart. Amaranthaceae Herbs used internally against digestive system disorders; seeds and flowers are used to treat urinary disorders. plant have been used as crude drug for the treatment of kidney stone and urinary tract disorders.
15 Polygonum glabrum Willd. Polygonaceae Herbs leaves of this plant are used for treatment of colic pain, fever; Root decoction given internally to neutralize the Krait poison. Root powder given for urinary stones. Plant powder with honey given for white discharge in women (Bhogaonkar and Devarkar 2002).
16 Phyllanthus urinaria L. Phyllanthaceae Herbs It is used against colic, and as an effective remedy to eliminate gall - and kidney stones, urinary tract infection, bladder inflammation and for other kidney and liver problems in general such as acute - and chronic hepatitis B, which explains the origin of its species name urinaria. commonly used as a diuretic and purgative to treat a wide variety of uro-genital disorders, Diarrhea and diabetes. It is also used as a bitter tonic and to treat fevers, including malaria. In Asia, extracts are widely used against hepatitis B infections. A plant decoction is drunk and plant ash in water is applied as ear drops to treat earache. Externally, the crushed plant parts, or an infusion, are applied to treat ulcers, sores and tumours. The sap of leafy twigs, or a twig decoction, is drunk to treat pain in the side. A paste of fresh crushed leaves and kaolin in water is drunk and applied to the body to treat convulsions, colic, constipation and urethral discharges. The bitter leaves are eaten to treat hiccup and cough.
17 Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan Commelinaceae Herbs cold, cough, haemoptysis and tuberculosis, diuretic, urinary tract infections including cystitis, dysuria and strangury,
18 Tricholepis glaberrima DC. Asteraceae Herbs Useful in skin disease, cough urinary troubles; Antioxidant, nervine tonic, aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, anti-septic.
19 Apium graveolens Linn. Apiaceae / Umbelliferae Herbs arthritis, rheumatism, gout, urinary tract inflammation, and specifically for rheumatoid arthritis with mental depression. diuretic, for regulating the bowels, for glandular stimulation, gall and kidney stones, as a prophylactic for nervous agitation, for the loss of appetite and exhaustion and as antihelminthic;
20 Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn. Euphorbiaceae Herbs Used in the problems of stomach, genitourinary system, liver, kidney and spleen. It is bitter, astringent, stomachic, diuretic, febrifuge and anti-septic. The whole plant is used in gonorrhea, menorrhagia and other genital affections. It is useful in gastropathy, Diarrhea, dysentery, intermittent fevers, ophthalmopathy, scabies, ulcers and wounds. Pharmacological activities including anti-viral, anti-bacterial, antiplasmodial, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-oxidant, Hepatoprotective nephroprotective and diurectic properties.
21 Arisaema leschenaultii Blume Araceae Herbs Used in Ayurveda for the treatment of eczema, gonorrhea, urinary diseases, fistula, colitis, piles, haemorrhoids, syphills, roundworm, and sinus. For treating asthma, powder of Arisaema speciosum fresh tubers roasted in an air tight mud pot and is taken orally along with grapes at bed time. Fresh tuber paste is applied over infected skin and boils. Fruit grain is swallowed once daily during gas trouble.
22 Remusatia vivipara (Roxb.) Schott Araceae Herbs The tubers are poisonous. They are used externally to treat mastitis, traumatic injuries, abscesses, and swellings. The plant is used in folk medicine to cure inflammation, arthritis, to dispel worms and germs for disinfecting genito-urinary tract and for promoting conception, also used as an analgesic.
23 Habenaria commelinifolia (Roxb.) Wall. ex Lindl. Orchidaceae Orchid The root decoction is administered orally on an empty stomach to cure spermatorrhoea and urinary trouble.
24 Grewia flavescens Juss. Tiliaceae Shrubs The roots used to treat menstrual problems, stomach problems during pregnancy and other disorders in women. The leaves were reported to be useful in ulcerated tongue, colic pain, wounds, cholera and dysentery. Root powder and decoction of roots were used to remove kidney stones and in urinary tract infections.
25 Aeschynomene indica L. Fabaceae Shrubs treat kidney stones and urinary disorders, Anti-cancer(Wozniak et al., 2015). The plant has many medicinal uses, including as a spermicide.
26 Mimosa hamata Willd. Fabaceae Shrubs Skin diseases; A paste of leaf powder are applied to burn, over glandular swelling and also used in dressing for sinus, sores and piles. Used for urinary complaints and used as a tonic against general weakness. Treatment of diverse diseases such as fever, Diarrhea, coagulant, dysentery, jaundice, wounds, piles, tonic in urinary complaints, blood-purifier and paste of leaves is applied over glandular swellings and paste of roots with linum oil and gugul is unguent (Gupta et al., 2010). Seed powder and leaf juice of M. hamata boiled in buffalo milk is given as a tonic in general weakness and also sexual debility in males.
27 Dregea volubilis (L. f.) Benth. ex Hook. f. Apocynaceae Shrubs The leaves are much employed as an application to boils and abscesses. The roots and tender stalks are considered emetic and expectorant. The young roots are cut and the exuding juice is inserted into the nose to cause sneezing. used to treat rheumatic pain, cough, fever and severe cold. Leaf paste is taken along with pepper to treat dyspepsia; bark paste mixed with hot milk is used internally for treating urinary infections.
28 Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae / Asclepiadaceae Shrubs Tonic, The paste of leaves kept in tooth to remove the germs in teeth. Used for urinary diseases. Used in lactation problem. It is used for venereal diseases, herpes, skin diseases, arthritis, rheumatism, gout, epilepsy, insanity, chronic nervous diseases, abdominal distention, intestinal gas, debility, impotence and turbid urine. The root is a valuable alterative, blood purifier, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic and tonic. It is used in the treatment of appetite loss, dyspepsia, fever, skin diseases, syphilis, Leucorrhoea, genitourinary diseases and chronic coughs. A paste of the roots is applied externally to swellings and rheumatic joints.
29 Barleria prionitis L. Acanthaceae Shrubs utilized for treatment of toothache, catarrhal affections, whooping cough, inflammations, glandular swellings, urinary infection, jaundice, fever, gastrointestinal disorders and as diuretic and tonic.
30 Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm. Lamiaceae / Labiatae Shrubs The plant material is generally used to cure the diseases like epilepsy,fever, headache, and urinary problems. It possess Hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory attributes.
31 Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.)Sw. CAESALPINIOIDEAE Shrubs A decoction or infusion of the roots, bark, leaves or flowers is used as a purgative and emmenagogue. According to the dosage it may be used as a mouthwash for teeth or gums, a remedy for colds and fevers, or even as a strong abortifacient. The root is astringent, bitter, emmenagogue and, in larger doses, is used as an abortifacient. It is used in the treatment of Diarrhea. The leaves are emmenagogue, febrifuge and tonic. At larger doses they can be abortifacient. An infusion is used to relieve constipation, as a treatment for kidney stones, and to accelerate childbirth. An infusion of the leaves and flowers is used as a diuretic. The leaves, flowers and seeds are used in the treatment of stomach, urinary bladder and kidney problems.
32 Pavetta indica L. RUBIACEAE Shrubs A decoction of the leaves is drunk during the first days after childbirth as a protective medicine. It is also taken when the birth is delayed and as a treatment for fever. The leaves are used for poulticing boils. A cooled decoction of the leaves is applied as a wash to ulcers of the nose and topically to treat haemorrhoidal pains. The root is considered aperient, diuretic, purgative and tonic. It is prescribed in the treatment of intestinal obstructions, constipation, jaundice, headache, urinary diseases and dropsy. The crushed root bark, combined with rice water and ginger, is taken as a diuretic and for the treatment of dropsy. The root, root bark or stem bark can alsl be used as a treatment for intestinal obstructions. The roots are used for poulticing stubborn itch. A poultice of the stem bark is applied topically for soothing haemorrhoids. An infusion of the thinly cut wood is taken as a treatment for rheumatism. A study of the methanol extract of the plant has shown anti-inflammatory activity comparable to the standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin. This extract has also shown anti-pyretic activity. Flavonoids in the plant have demonstrated effective diuretic activity.
33 Sida cordifolia L. MALVACEAE Shrubs The plant is antipruritic, aphrodisiac, astringent, diuretic, emollient, febrifuge and tonic. It is considered to be useful in the treatment of respiratory system related troubles. The whole plant is boiled, and the water used as an herbal bath, or for washing the skin to relieve itching and the irritation of chickenpox and measles spots. The juiced plant is used as a treatment for rheumatism and spermatorrhea. The leaves are analgesic, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, febrifuge, nervine, stimulant and tonic. A decoction is drunk as a treatment for fevers. The leaves are pounded in water and the juice used in the treatment of spermatorrhea and gonorrhea. They are cooked and eaten as a treatment for bleeding piles. The fresh leaves are bruised and then applied as a poultice on boils in order to promote suppuration. They are used in the treatment of conjuctivitis. The stems are considered demulcent, emollient, febrifuge and diuretic. The bark is considered to be cooling. It is useful in the treatment of problems related to the blood, throat and urinary system; and is also used to treat conditions such as piles, phthisis, insanity etc. The root bark powder, combined with milk and sugar, is used in the treatment of frequent micturition and leukorrhea. The roots are considered to be astringent, cooling, stomachic and tonic. An infusion is used in the treatment of nervous and urinary diseases; and also for disorders of the blood and bile, asthma and as a heart tonic. Combined with ginger (Zingiber officinale), the root is used in the treatment of intermittent fevers with shivering fits. The juice of the roots is applied topically as a healing application for wounds.he seeds are considered aphrodisiac. They are used in the treatment of gonorrhea, cystitis, colds and tenesmus.
34 Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. Malvaceae Tree Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Anticancer, pitta and kapha, burning sensation, hyperdipsia, rhinopathy, ulcers, skin diseases, haematemesis and general debility (Warrier et al., 1995) jaundice, throat pain, wound healing, urinary infection, dysentery The bark is astringent, sweet, acrid, refrigerant, oleaginous, expectorant, antipruritic, vulnerary, constipating, emetic, styptic, aphrodisiac and tonic. The barks and roots of G. tiliaefolia are used to treat skin diseases, hypertension, ulcers,Diarrhea, in?ammatory bowel diseases,pruritis, jaundice, burning sensation, thirst,throat complaints, biliousness, dysentery,infectious diseases, and diseases of the nose and of the blood
35 Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.)Hochr. Fabaceae Tree Juice of the root, mixed with the powder of two fruits of black pepper, is taken in cases of eye trouble. The bark is used against fevers. A paste of bark is applied to cuts and wounds. A sap exudate is used to make a medicine against dysentery. The gum is astringent. The bark used as astringent, acrid, cooling, stimulant, anti-inflammatory, constipating, urinary astringent, anthelmintic, sudorific, depurative, styptic, febrifuge and rejuvenating. The extract of the whole plant showed anti – inflammatory, hypotensive action, anti-oxidant activity, Hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, hypoglycemic and wound healing activities.
36 Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. Fabaceae Tree Being commonly prescribed to treat cough, gout, glandular swellings and goiter, haemorrhage, leprosy, menorrhagia, scrofula, urinary disorders, wasting diseases, worm infestations and wounds and for liver disorders.
37 Tamarindus indica L. Fabaceae Tree The bark is astringent and tonic and its ash may be given internally as a digestive. Incorporated into lotions or poultices, the bark may be used to relives sores, ulcers, boils and rashes. It may also be administered as a decoction against asthma and amenorrhea and as a febrifuge. Leaf extracts exhibit anti-oxidant activity in the liver, and are a common ingredient in cardiac and blood sugar reducing medicines. Young leaves may be used in fomentation for rheumatism, applied to sores and wounds, or administered as a poultice for inflammation of joints to reduce swelling and relieve pain. A sweetened decoction of the leaves is good against throat infection, cough, fever, and even intestinal worms. The filtered hot juice of young leaves, and a poultice of the flowers, is used for conjunctivitis. The leaves are warmed and tied to affected areas in order to relieve swellings and pains, particularly sprains. They are also used for bathing sores or to bathe persons suffering from measles or allergies. The leaves and flowers are used to make a sweetened tea that is drunk by children as a remedy for measles. They were also used in a preparation which was drunk in early Guyana as a malaria remedy. A decoction of the flower buds is used as a remedy for children's bedwetting and urinary complaints. The fruit is aperient and laxative. A syrup made from the ripe fruit is drunk in order to keep the digestive organs in good condition, and also as a remedy for coughs and chest colds. The flesh of the fruit is eaten to cure fevers and control gastric acid. The fruit pulp may be used as a massage to treat rheumatism, as an acid refrigerant, a mild laxative and also to treat scurvy. Powdered seeds may be given to cure dysentery and Diarrhea. The plant contains pyrazines and thiazoles. The seed contains polyoses. The bark yields proanthocyanidin and hordenine. It is used traditionally in abdominal pain, Diarrhea and dysentery, helminthes infections, wound healing, malaria and fever, constipation, inflammation, cell cytotoxicity, gonorrhea, and eye diseases.
38 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Combretaceae Tree Heart tonic; Fruit powder with sugar is given to increase eye sight. Fruits cover is chewed to get relief from cough. Powder of fruit equally mixed with Ashwagandha churn given with warm water in heart trouble. Leaf powder along with powder of Datura leaf used in smoking to get relief from Asthma. Fruit is useful in urinary diseases and keeping mind cool. Excess consumption of seeds is sedative. The bark is a cardiac tonic, lowers blood pressure and reduces blood cholesterol levels. Arjuna is a herb where modern research has fully supported its traditional use for treating heart disease. The bark is taken internally to treat a range of heart conditions and seems to work best when blood supply to the heart is poor, as in angina and ischaemic heart disease. It is also of value in helping to maintain a steady heart beat.
39 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Tree The seeds can be intoxicating; they have been prescribed in India as a cure for mental disorders, nervous breakdowns and palpitations of the heart. The fruits have a cooling and an astringent effect. The dried flowers are reportedly useful in urinary, skin and blood diseases. The bark is astringent. A decoction is used in the treatment of Diarrhea.
40 Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. Oleaceae Tree The roots, bark and leaves are bitter, acrid, appetising, digestive, thermogenic, stomachic, depurative, constipating urinary astringent and anthelmintic. They are useful in treating a range of conditions including indigestion, skin diseases, leprosy, anaemia, boils and burns and rectal disorders. The bark is used to treat diseases of the throat, anaemia, bleeding piles and diabetes. The fruits are reported to be useful in curing hydrocele. The roots are used in the treatment of leprosy.
41 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Tree The roots have great medicinal value as a blood purifier, laxative, stomachic, tonic and as an anti-dote to poisons. The leaf sap is used as a demulcent to treat gonorrhea and cough, and is also applied to wounds and ulcers. The flowers have been used to treat leprosy and blood diseases. The root and bark of Gmelina arborea are stomachic, galactagogue laxative and anthelmintic; improve appetite, useful in hallucination, piles, abdominal pains, burning sensations, fevers, ‘tridosha’ and urinary discharge. Leaf paste is applied to relieve headache and juice is used as wash for ulcers. Flowers are sweet, cooling, bitter, acrid and astringent. They are useful in leprosy and blood diseases. In Ayurveda it has been observed that Gamhar fruit is acrid, sour, bitter, sweet, cooling, diuretic tonic, aphrodisiac, alternative astringent to the bowels, promote growth of hairs, useful in ‘vata’, thirst, anaemia, leprosy, ulcers and vaginal discharge. The plant is recommended in combination with other drugs for the treatment of snake – bite and scorpion- sting. In snake – bite a decoction of the root and bark is given internally.
42 Tectona grandis L. f. Verbenaceae Tree It is vermifuge; promotes digestion; is effective in relieving bilious headaches and toothaches; reduces inflammations or eruptions of the skin. The charred wood, soaked in poppy juice and made into a paste, has been used to relieve the swelling of the eyelids. The wood has been used as a hair tonic. An oil extracted from the roots is used to treat eczema, ringworms and inflammation. The bark has been used as an astringent and in the treatment of bronchitis. The flowers are diuretic. They are used to treat biliousness, bronchitis and urinary disorders. The seeds are diuretic. An oil extracted from the seeds promotes hair growth. The leaves have a reputation of being diuretic, depurative, purgative, stimulant, antidysenteric and vermifuge. They are used in traditional medicine to treat anaemia, asthenia, fever and malaria, amoebiasis, schistosomiasis and tuberculosis. Extracts of the leaves are reported to be effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis, to treat bleeding of larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs, and sore throat. An oil extracted from the tender shoots is used against scabies in children. Medicinally it has various pharmacological activities like anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, analgesic, anti-diuretic, and hypoglycemic.
43 Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss. Phyllanthaceae Tree The plant is pungent, bitter, heating, useful in lumbago, hemiplegia; bark is good for the removal of urinary concretions (Ayurveda). Root and bark are valuable astringents. The bark is used as a liniment with gingelly oil in rheumatism. The bark is anti-viral, hypoglycaemic, hypotensive.
44 Ficus exasperata Vahl. Moraceae Tree The leaf extract has been used to treat high blood pressure, rheumatism, arthritis, intestinal pains and colics, epilepsy, bleeding and wounds. The roots are also used to manage asthma, dyspnoea and venereal diseases. Root decoctions are used in the treatment of urinary tract ailments, gonorrhea, asthma and tuberculosis. The root is chewed in case of cough. The root is an ingredient in a prescription to expel worms. The root bark is used against eye problems. The body is rubbed with root scrapings as a tonic. The wood ash or charcoal is applied on lesions caused by leprosy. Decoctions of the bark are used in the treatment of coughs, worms, haemorrhoids and abnormal enlargement of the spleen. Sap from the stem bark is used to stop bleeding, as a treatment of wounds, sores, abscesses, eye ailments, stomach-ache and for the removal of spines, but some traditional healers consider it corrosive to the skin and dangerous to ingest. The ash of burnt stem bark is sprinkled on wounds. Scrapings from the bark are made into an embrocation with stimulant and tonic properties. The stem bark is locally applied on the body for the treatment of malaria. The leaves and young stems are abortifacient, analgesic, anti-dote, diuretic, emetic, oxytocic and stomachic. A decoction is taken for the treatment of dysentery; diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract; respiratory conditions such as coughs, colds, flu and asthma; hypertension. The young leaf is chewed and swallowed in case of gastric ulcers. The fresh leaf is used as an ingredient of preparations for the treatment of heart diseases. The leaves are cooked with bananas and eaten as a treatment for gonorrhea; the cooking water is also drunk for this purpose.
45 Juglans regia JUGLANDACEAE Tree The leaves are alterative, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, astringent and depurative. They are used internally the treatment of constipation, chronic coughs, asthma, Diarrhea, dyspepsia etc. The leaves are also used to treat skin ailments and purify the blood. They are considered to be specific in the treatment of strumous sores. Male inflorescences are made into a broth and used in the treatment of coughs and vertigo. The rind is anodyne and astringent. It is used in the treatment of Diarrhea and anaemia. The seeds are antilithic, diuretic and stimulant. They are used internally in the treatment of low back pain, frequent urination, weakness of both legs, chronic cough, asthma, constipation due to dryness or anaemia and stones in the urinary tract. Externally, they are made into a paste and applied as a poultice to areas of dermatitis and eczema. The oil from the seed is anthelmintic. It is also used in the treatment of menstrual problems and dry skin conditions. The cotyledons are used in the treatment of cancer. Walnut has a long history of folk use in the treatment of cancer, some extracts from the plant have shown anti-cancer activity. The bark and root bark are anthelmintic, astringent and detergent.
46 Morus alba MORACEAE Tree The leaves are anti-bacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, hypoglycaemic, odontalgic and ophthalmic. They are taken internally in the treatment of colds, influenza, eye infections and nosebleeds. An injected extract of the leaves can be used in the treatment of elephantiasis and purulent fistulae. The leaves are collected after the first frosts of autumn and can be used fresh but are generally dried. The stems are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, diuretic, hypotensive and pectoral. They are used in the treatment of rheumatic pains and spasms, especially of the upper half of the body, high blood pressure. A tincture of the bark is used to relieve toothache. The branches are harvested in late spring or early summer and are dried for later use. The fruit has a tonic effect on kidney energy. It is used in the treatment of urinary incontinence, dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia due to anaemia, neurasthenia, hypertension, diabetes, premature greying of the hair and constipation in the elderly. The root bark is antiasthmatic, antitussive, diuretic, expectorant, hypotensive and sedative. It is used internally in the treatment of asthma, coughs, bronchitis, oedema, hypertension and diabetes. The roots are harvested in the winter and dried for later use. The bark is anthelmintic and purgative, it is used to expel tape worms. anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-microbic, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-cancer;
47 Santalum album L. SANTALACEAE Tree It is an aromatic, bittersweet, astringent herb that cools the body, calms the mind, relieves spasms and improves digestion. It has diuretic, analgesic, anti-septic, expectorant and stimulant effects. The wood or essential oil is taken internally in the treatment of genito-urinary disorders, fever, sunstroke, digestive problems and abdominal pain. A paste of the wood is used externally to treat skin complaints. Sandalwood oil is little used in modern herbalism, its main application is in aromatherapy.