| Plant Category | : | Tree |
| Melghat's Flora's Serial No. | : | 192 |
| Synonym | : | Buceras bellirica (Gaertn.) Lyons.;
Myrobalanus bellirica Gaertn.;
Myrobalanus laurinoides Kuntze.;
Terminalia attenuata Edgew.;
Terminalia belirica (Gaertn.) Wall.;
Terminalia biticaria Roxb.;
Terminalia eglandulosa Roxb. ex C. B. Clarke.;
Terminalia gella Dalz.;
Terminalia laurinoides Teijsm. & Binn.;
Terminalia moluccana Roxb.;
Terminalia punctata Roth.; |
| Plant Common Name | : | Behada, G- Kohakka, Baheda, Belliric Myrobalan, Bastard myrobalan, Beach almond, Bedda nut tree • Hindi: bahera, bahuvirya, bhutvaas, kalk, karshphal • Manipuri: bahera • Marathi: behada, bibh?taka, kalidruma, vehala • Tamil: tanri • Malayalam: thaanni • Telugu: bhutavasamu, karshaphalamu, tadi, tandrachettu, vibhitakamu • Kannada: taarekaayi • Bengali: baheda • Oriya: bahada • Konkani: goting • Urdu: Bahera • Assamese: bauri • Gujarati: baheda • Khasi: Dieng rinyn • Sanskrit: akshah, bahuvirya, bibhitakah, karshah, vibhitakah • Nepali: barro |
| Plant Family | : | Combretaceae |
| Description | : | Deciduous trees, to 35 m high, bole often buttressed; bark 10-20 mm thick, surface blackish-grey, smooth, vertically shallowly fissured, exfoliations small, semi-fibrous; blaze yellow; branches sympodial; branchlets terete, thinly fulvous-hairy, leaf scars prominent. Leaves simple, opposite or alternate, clustered at the tip of branchlets, estipulate; petiole 15-80 mm, stout, slightly grooved above, glabrous; lamina 9-35 x 5-16 cm, obovate, elliptic or obovate-elliptic; base obliquely cuneate, attenuate or acute; apex obtusely acuminate, margin entire, both surface pubescent when young, glabrous at maturity, coriaceous, eglandular; lateral nerves 7-10 pairs, pinnate, prominent; intercostae reticulate. Flowers bisexual, greenish-yellow, 5-6 mm across, in axillary spikes; peduncle puberulous; bracteoles 0.5-2 mm long, linear-lanceolate, caducous; calyx tube 2-2.5 ×1.3-2 mm, rusty pubescent, constricted above the ovary; lobes 5, cream, triangular, tomentose; disc 5-lobed, villous; petals absent; ovary 1.5 mm, inferior, tomentose, 1-celled; ovules 2 or 3, pendulous; style 4 mm, subulate; stigma small. Fruit a drupe 2-2.5 x 1.8 cm, obovoid, obscurely 5-ridged, yellowish-brown, honed, not winged, softly tomentose; seed one, ellipsoid. |
| Plant Location in Melghat | : | Makhala, Raipur, Jarida, Koktu |
| Medicinal Use / Activity | : | It is anthelmintic, astringent (especially when ripe), digestive, tonic and laxative (especially when unripe). The fruit is used internally principally in the treatment of digestive and respiratory problems. the ripe fruit is used in cases of Diarrhea and indigestion, whilst the unripe fruit is used as a laxative in cases of chronic constipation. The fruit is often used to treat upper respiratory tract infections that cause symptoms of sore throats, hoarseness and coughs. Externally, the fruit is used to make a lotion for sore eyes. The sour fruits are one of the ingredients of 'triphala', an Ayurvedic rejuvenative, laxative tonic based on this species plus the fruits of Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia chebula. |
| Plant's Phytochemicals | : | COMPOUNDS: bellericanin; Gallo-tannic acid; Ellagic acid; gallic acid; termilignan; thannilignan; anolignan B; chebulagic acid; phyllemblin; beta-sitosterol; mannitol; ACTIVE COMPOUNDS (4): Beta-sitosterol; Ellagic acid; Gallic Acid; Tannic acid; |
| Plant's Current Status | : | Endemic |
| Plant's Cross Database Reference | : | 259142 |
| Reference | : | Dhore M. A. (1984) The flora of melghat tiger reserve
- http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Terminalia+bellirica
- https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/19316
- http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Baheda.html
- http://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue1/PartC/4_4_28.pdf |
| Reference | : | ~ Boeing H, Bechthold A, Bub A, Ellinger S, Haller D, Kroke A, Leschik-Bonnet E, Muller MJ, Oberritter H, Schulze M, Stehle P and Watzl B; "Critical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases"; Eur J Nutr (2012); 51(6): 637-63 PMID : 22684631 ~ Santosh Kumar Singh, Jay Ram Patel, Prashant Kumar Dubey and Sonia Thakur; "A review on anti-asthmatic activity of traditional medicinal plants"; IJPSR (2014); 5(10): 4109-4116 PMID : ~ R.N. Kale, R.N. Patil and R.Y. Patil; "Asthma and Herbal Drugs"; IJPSR (2010); 1(12): 37-42 PMID : ~ Abeynayake Pemadasa, Jansz Manori, Rajoria Kshpira and Singh Sarvesh Kumar; "Role of Rajayapana basti with reference to Duchenne muscular Dystrophy: A review"; Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. (2016); 7(4): 7-10 PMID : ~ Chandra Prakash Kala; "Aboriginal uses and management of ethnobotanical species in deciduous forests of Chhattisgarh state in India"; Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2009); 5(20): 1-9 PMID : ~ Kuldip S. Dogra, Sandeep Chauhan and Jeewan S. Jalal; "Assessment of Indian medicinal plants for the treatment of asthma"; Journal of Medicinal Plants Research (2015); 9(32): 851-862 PMID : ~ Dhore MA and Joshi PA; "Flora of Melghat Tiger Reserve"; Directorate, Project Tiger, Melghat (1988); PMID : ~ Omesh Bajpai, Jitendra Pandey and Lal Babu Chaudhary; "Ethnomedicinal Uses of Tree Species by Tharu Tribes in the Himalayan Terai Region of India"; Research Journal of Medicinal Plant (2016); 10(1): 19-41 PMID : ~ Rajendra Prasad Bharti, Abhilasha shrivastava, Jagjeevan Ram Choudhary, Asha Tiwari and N. K. Soni; "Ethno Medicinal Plants used by Tribal Communities in Vindhya region of Rewa and Sidhi District of Madhya Pradesh, India"; IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (2013); 8(6): 23-28 PMID : ~ Kavishankar, G.B; Lakshmidevi, N.; Murthy, S.M.; Prakash, H.S. and Niranjana, S.R.; "Diabetes and medicinal plants-A review"; Int J Pharm Biomed Sci (2011); 2(3): 65-80 PMID : |
| Kingdom | : Plantae - Plants |
|---|---|
| Phylum | : Tracheophyta |
| Subkingdom | : Tracheobionta - Vascular plants |
| Superdivision | : Spermatophyta - Seed plants |
| Division | : Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class | : Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Subclass | : Rosidae |
| Order | : Myrtales |
| Family | : Combretaceae - Indian Almond family |
| Genus | : Terminalia L. - tropical almond |
| Species | : Terminalia bellerica (Gaertner) Roxb. 101 |
