Botanical Name Plant's Common Name Plant Family   

   MT080 : Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll. Arg.

Plant Category : Tree

Melghat's Flora's Serial No. : 469

Synonym : Aconceveibum trinerve Miq.; Croton coccineus Vahl, nom. illeg.; Croton distans Benth., nom. nud.; Croton montanus Willd.; Croton philippensis Lam.; Croton punctatus Retz., nom. illeg.; Echinus philippensis (Lam.) Baill.; Macaranga stricta (Rchb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg.; Mallotus bicarpellatus T.Kuros.; Mallotus philippensis tomentosus Gamble; Mallotus philippensis var. microphyllus Müll.Arg.; Mallotus philippensis var. reticulatus (Dunn) F.P.Metcalf; Mallotus reticulatus Dunn; Mappa stricta Rchb.f. & Zoll.; Rottlera affinis Hassk.; Rottlera aurantiaca Hook. & Arn.; Rottlera philippensis (Lam.) Scheff.; Rottlera tinctoria Roxb.; Rottlera tinctoria var. monstruosa Ham. ex Dillwyn; Tanarius strictus Kuntze.;

Plant Common Name : Kamela, Kunku, K-Sendri, Kamala, Kampillaka, and Kapila, Kaamala Tree, Kamala Tree, dyer's rottlera, Monkey face tree, orange kamala, red kamala, scarlet croton • Hindi: kamala, raini, rohan, rohini, sinduri • Manipuri: Ureirom laba • Marathi: kesari, shendri • Tamil: kapila poti, kuranku-mañcanari • Malayalam: cenkolli, kunkumappuumaram, kurangumanjas, naavatta, nuurimaram • Telugu: kunkuma-chettu • Kannada: kunkuma-damara • Bengali: kamala • Sanskrit: kampilyaka

Plant Family : Euphorbiaceae

Description : Dioecious trees, to 12 m high, bark 4-5 mm thick, pale brown; branchlets, young leaves and inflorescence tawny or rusty pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate; stipules lateral, cauducous; petiole 7-60 mm long, stout, swollen at base, fulvous-pubescent with 2 small sessile glands on each side of the submit; lamina 5-20 x 2-8 cm, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, base acute or round, apex acuminate or acute, margin entire or sparsely serrate, glabrous above, greyish pubescent to fulvous tomentose with minute red glands beneath; coriaceous; 3-ribbed from base; lateral nerves upto 6 pairs, pinnate, ascending, prominent, intercostae scalariform, prominent. Flowers unisexual, brick red, in rusty puberulous, terminal spicate panicles; male flowers: 4.5 mm across; tepals 4, lanceolate, stamens many; female flowers: 4 mm across, tepals 3 or 4, thicker than in males, ovate-lanceolate; ovary with red glands, superior, 3-celled, ovules one in each cell; styles 3, to 3.5 mm long, papillose. Fruit a capsule, 7-8 mm across, globose, 3-lobed, loculicidally 3 valved, densely red-glandular, pubescent; seeds 1-4, globose, glabrous, black.

Plant Location in Melghat : At Higher elevation in parts of Chikhaldara and Tarubandha ranges

Medicinal Use / Activity : Urinal diseases, Antifilarial, Antifertility, Antibacterial and anti-fungal, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunoregulatory Activity, Antioxidant Activity and Antiradical Activity, Protein Inhibition Implicated in Cancer Processes, Hepatoprotective Activity, Anticestodal Activity, Anthelmintic Activity, Antituberculosis Activity, Antiallergic Activity, Anti-Leukaemic Activity, Antiproliferative Activity, Anti-HIV Activity, Antitumor Activity, Wound Healing, Wound Healing; According to Ayurveda, leaves are bitter, cooling and appetizer. Fruit is heating, Purgative, anthelmintic, vulnerary, detergent, maturant, carminative, alexiteric and useful in treatment of bronchitis, abdominal diseases, spleen enlargement etc.

Plant's Phytochemicals : COMPOUNDS: Coroglaucigenin; Coroglaucigenin L-rhamnoside; Corotoxigenin; Corotoxigenin L-rhamnoside; Lupeol-3-acetate; Lupeol; Friedelin; acetylaleuritolic acid; a-amyrin; Beta-sitosterol; Daucosterol; Isocoumarins; Bergenin; Kamalachalcone A; Kamalachalcone B; Mallotophilippen C; Mallotophilippen D; Mallotophilippen E; rottlerin; isorallorottlerin; Isorottlerin;

ACTIVE COMPOUNDS (3):

Lupeol;

Beta-sitosterol;

Friedelin;

Plant's Current Status : Endemic

Plant's Cross Database Reference : 259142

Reference : Dhore M. A. (1984) The flora of melghat tiger reserve - https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Kaamla%20Tree.html - https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31523 - http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Mallotus+philippensis

Reference : ~ Dhore MA and Joshi PA; "Flora of Melghat Tiger Reserve"; Directorate, Project Tiger, Melghat (1988); PMID :

~ Omesh Bajpai, Jitendra Pandey and Lal Babu Chaudhary; "Ethnomedicinal Uses of Tree Species by Tharu Tribes in the Himalayan Terai Region of India"; Research Journal of Medicinal Plant (2016); 10(1): 19-41 PMID :

~ S.D. Jagtap, S.S. Deokule and S.V. Bhosle; "Some unique ethnomedicinal uses of plants used by the Korku tribe of Amravati district of Maharashtra, India"; Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2006); 107: 463-469 PMID :

Kingdom : Plantae - Plants
Phylum : Tracheophyta
Subkingdom : Tracheobionta - Vascular plants
Superdivision : Spermatophyta - Seed plants
Division : Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class : Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Subclass : Rosidae
Order : Euphorbiales
Family : Euphorbiaceae - Spurge family
Genus : Mallotus Lour. - mallotus
Species : Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll. Arg. - kamala tree

Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll. Arg. - kamala tree
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll. Arg. - kamala tree
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll. Arg. - kamala tree
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll. Arg. - kamala tree
Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll. Arg. - kamala tree