Botanical Name Plant's Common Name Plant Family   

   MT082 : Trema orientalis (L.) Blume

Plant Category : Tree

Melghat's Flora's Serial No. : 476

Synonym : Celtis glomerata Hochst.; Celtis guineensis Schumach.; Celtis madagascariensis Bojer.; Celtis orientalis L.; Celtis rigida Bl.; Sponia affinis Planch.; Sponia africana Planch.; Sponia andaresa Comm. ex Lam.; Sponia argentea Planch.; Sponia burmannii (Bl.) Planch.; Sponia commersonii Decne. ex Planch.; Sponia guineensis Planch.; Sponia orientalis (L.) Decne.; Sponia orientalis var. affinis (Planch.) Baker.; Sponia orientalis var. commersonii (Planch.) Baker.; Sponia rigida (Bl.) Decne.; Sponia scaberrima (Bl.) Miq.; Sponia strigosa Planch.; Sponia wightii Planch.; Trema affinis (Planch.) Bl.; Trema africana (Planch.) Bl.; Trema argentea (Planch.) Bl.; Trema burmannii Bl.; Trema commersonii (Planch.) Bl.; Trema grevei Baill.; Trema grisea Baker.; Trema guineense (Schumach. & Thonn.) Ficalho.; Trema nitens Bl.; Trema orientalis var. argentea (BI.) Lauterb.; Trema orientalis var. rigida Lauterb.; Trema rigida Bl.; Trema scaberrima Bl.; Trema sieberi Bl.; Trema strigosa (Planch.) Bl.; Trema wightii (Planch.) Bl.;

Plant Common Name : K- Thoar, Indian Charcoal Tree, Indian Nettle, Oriental nettle, Pigeon wood, Poison peach • Hindi: Gio, Jivan • Manipuri: Lok uri • Marathi: Ghol, Kapshi, Khargol • Tamil: Yerralai, Nudalei • Malayalam: Ratthi • Telugu: Kakamushti • Kannada: Bende, Gurklu • Bengali: chikan, jiban • Konkani: Khargul • Sanskrit: jivani, jivanti

Plant Family : Ulmaceae

Description : Dioecious trees, to 15 m high, bark 0.6 cm, thin, greyish or bluish-green, rough, lenticellate; blaze creamy-yellow, streaked; branchlets scabrous to adpressed pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate; stipules lateral, cauducous; petiole 5-10 mm, slender, tomentose, grooved above; lamina 7.5-15 x 2.5-6 cm, ovate-lanceolate, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, base obliquely cordate, apex acuminate, margin serrulate, scabrid above, tomentose beneath, chartaceous, 3-5-ribbed from base, prominent, lateral nerves 3-4 pairs, pinnate, prominent, intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers unisexual, 3-4 mm across, greenish, in axillary fascicles or cymes; male flowers usually sessile; tepals 4 or 5, equal, 2 mm long, curved, ciliate; stamens 5; pistillode oblong; female flowers : tepals unequal, ciliate; ovary superior, sessile, 1-celled, ovate; style bifid, villous; stigma plumose. Fruit a drupe, 4 x 3 mm, globose, black; stylar tip persistent; seed globose.

Plant Location in Melghat : Restricted to certain areas like Belkund and others from Chikhaldara Dhakna and Tarubandha ranges Jarida range.Very Sparse

Medicinal Use / Activity : The plant is vermifuge, and is known to have anti-plasmodium properties. Both bark and leaf decoctions are used as a gargle, inhalation, drink, lotion, bath or vapour bath for coughs, sore throat, asthma, bronchitis, gonorrhea, yellow fever, toothache. The leaves are reported to be a general anti-dote to poisons. A bark infusion is drunk to control dysentery. A tea made from small pieces of the roasted wood is used to treat dysentery.

Plant's Phytochemicals : COMPOUNDS: simiarenol; simiarenone; trematol; Octacosanoic acid; 1-octacosanyl acetate; simiarenone; simiarenol; episimiarenol; trematol; methylswertianin; decussatin; decussatin; sweroside; scopoletin; (-)-epicatechin; lupeol; (-)-ampelopsin F; (-)-epicatechin; (+)-catechin; (+)-syringaresinol; trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid; hexacosanoic acid; simiarenone; 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-beta-sitosterol; beta-sitosterol;

ACTIVE COMPOUNDS (5):

Lupeol;

Beta-sitosterol;

Catechin;

Epicatechin;

Cinnamic acid;

Plant's Current Status : -

Plant's Cross Database Reference : 259142

Reference : Dhore M. A. (1984) The flora of melghat tiger reserve - https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31875 - http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Trema+orientalis - http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Charcoal%20Tree.html - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3731882/ - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238666186 - http://ejournal.nricm.edu.tw/upload/21614/18/1801_04.pdf

Reference : ~ Jennifer L. McCracken, Sreenivas P. Veeranki, Bill T. Ameredes, William J. Calhoun; "Diagnosis and Management of Asthma in Adults - A Review"; JAMA (2017); 318(3): 279-290 PMID : 28719697

~ Michael Buenor Adinortey, Isaac K. Galyuon and Nicholas Oteng Asamoah; "Trema orientalis Linn. Blume: A potential for propecting for drugs for various uses"; Pharmacogn Rev (2013); 7(13): 67-72 PMID : 23922459

~ Chen S; "Natural products triggering biological targets - a review of the anti-inflammatory phytochemicals targeting the arachidonic acid pathway in allergy asthma and rheumatoid arthritis."; Curr Drug Targets (2011); 12(3): 288-301 PMID : 20955151

~ Park HS, Kim SR, Kim JO and Lee YC; "The roles of phytochemicals in bronchial asthma"; Molecules (2010); 15(10): 6810-34 PMID : 20924320

~ Balaji Kasirajan, Rajadurai Maruthamuthu, Vidhya Gopalakrishnan, Krithika Arumugam, Hudson Asirvatham, Vidya Murali, Ramya Mohandass and Anusha Bhaskar; "A database for medicinal plants used in treatment of asthma"; Bioinformation (2007); 2(3): 105-106 PMID :

~ Dhore MA and Joshi PA; "Flora of Melghat Tiger Reserve"; Directorate, Project Tiger, Melghat (1988); PMID :

~ Omesh Bajpai, Jitendra Pandey and Lal Babu Chaudhary; "Ethnomedicinal Uses of Tree Species by Tharu Tribes in the Himalayan Terai Region of India"; Research Journal of Medicinal Plant (2016); 10(1): 19-41 PMID :

Kingdom : Plantae - Plants
Phylum : Tracheophyta
Subkingdom : Tracheobionta - Vascular plants
Superdivision : Spermatophyta - Seed plants
Division : Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class : Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Subclass : Hamamelididae
Order : Urticales
Family : Ulmaceae - Elm family
Genus : Trema Lour. - trema
Species : Trema orientalis (L.) Blume - Oriental trema

Trema orientalis (L.) Blume - Oriental trema
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume - Oriental trema
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume - Oriental trema
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume - Oriental trema