Xanthium strumarium L. - rough cocklebur
Xanthium strumarium L. - rough cocklebur
MH140 : Xanthium strumarium L.
| Plant Category | : | Herbs |
| Melghat's Flora's Serial No. | : | 282 |
| Synonym | : | Xanthium abyssinicum Wallr.;
Xanthium acerosum Greene;
Xanthium acutilobum Millsp. & Sherff;
Xanthium acutum Greene;
Xanthium affine Greene;
Xanthium albinum subsp. ripicola (Holub) J. Dostal;
Xanthium americanum Walt.;
Xanthium arcuatum Millsp. & Sherff;
Xanthium arenarium Lasch;
Xanthium aridum H.St.John;
Xanthium barcinonense Sennen;
Xanthium brevirostre Hochst.;
Xanthium bubalocarpon Bush;
Xanthium californicum var. rotundifolium Widder;
Xanthium calvum Millsp. & Sherff;
Xanthium campestre Greene;
Xanthium cenchroides Millsp. & Sherff;
Xanthium chasei Fernald;
Xanthium chinense Mill.;
Xanthium chinense var. globuliforme C.Shull;
Xanthium chinese;
Xanthium cloessplateaum D.Z.Ma;
Xanthium commune Britton;
Xanthium cordifolium Stokes;
Xanthium crassifolium Millsp. & Sherff;
Xanthium cuneatum Moench;
Xanthium curvescens Millsp. & Sherff;
Xanthium cylindraceum Millsp. & Sherff;
Xanthium cylindricum Millsp. & Sherff;
Xanthium decalvatum Widder;
Xanthium discolor Wallr.;
Xanthium echinatum Murray;
Xanthium echinatum subsp. italicum (Moretti) O.Bolòs & J. Vigo;
Xanthium echinatum var. cavanillesii (Schouw) O.Bolòs & J. Vigo;
Xanthium echinellum Greene;
Xanthium fuscescens Jord. & Fourr.;
Xanthium glabratum (DC.) Britton;
Xanthium glanduliferum Greene;
Xanthium globosum C.Shull;
Xanthium homothalamum Spreng.;
Xanthium inaequilaterum DC.;
Xanthium indicum DC.;
Xanthium indicum var. inaequilaterum (DC.) Miq.;
Xanthium inflexum Mack. & Bush;
Xanthium italicum var. albinum Widder;
Xanthium japonicum Widder;
Xanthium leptocarpum Millsp. & Sherff;
Xanthium longirostre Wallr.;
Xanthium macounii Britton;
Xanthium macrocarpum var. glabratum DC.;
Xanthium mongolicum Kitag.;
Xanthium monoicum Gilib.;
Xanthium natalense Widder;
Xanthium nigri Ces.;
Xanthium occidentale Bertol.;
Xanthium oligacanthum Piper;
Xanthium orientale Blume;
Xanthium orientale f. laciniatum (Pouzolz) Thell. ex Widder;
Xanthium orientale var. albinum (Widder) Adema & M.T.Jansen;
Xanthium orientale var. riparium (Itzigs. & Hertsch) Adema & M. T. Jansen;
Xanthium oviforme Wallr.;
Xanthium pennsylvanicum Gand.;
Xanthium pungens var. cylindricum (Millsp. & Sherff) Widder;
Xanthium pungens var. denudatum Widder;
Xanthium pungens var. globosum (Shull) Widder;
Xanthium riparium Lasché;
Xanthium ripicola J. Holub;
Xanthium roxburghii Wallr.;
Xanthium saccharatum subsp. aciculare Widder;
Xanthium saccharatum subsp. commune (Britton) Widder;
Xanthium sibiricum var. subinerme (C.Winkl.) Widder;
Xanthium speciosum Kearney;
Xanthium sphaerocephalum Salzm. ex Ball;
Xanthium strumarium f. purpurascens S. Priszter;
Xanthium strumarium var. arenarium (Lasch) Uechtritz;
Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (Mill.) Torr. & A.Gray;
Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum (DC.) Cronquist;
Xanthium strumarium var. hausmanni Widder;
Xanthium strumarium var. inaequilaterale (DC.) C.B.Clarke;
Xanthium strumarium var. indicum (koenig ex Roxb.) Debeaux;
Xanthium strumarium var. oviforme (Wallr.) M.Peck;
Xanthium strumarium var. pensylvanicum (Wallr.) M.Peck;
Xanthium strumarium var. strumarium;
Xanthium strumarium var. subinerme C.Winkl. ex Widder;
Xanthium strumarium var. wootonii (Cockerell) M.Peck;
Xanthium varians Greene;
Xanthium wootoni Cockerell ex de Vries;
Xanthium wootonii Cockerell; |
| Plant Common Name | : | Gokharu, cocklebur, Common Cocklebur, broad bur, burdock datura, clotbur, rough cockleburr, chota dhatura, chota gokhuru, ghaghra, sankhahuli, ghagara, shankeshrvar, marul-umattai, marulutige,maruluummatti, godrian, arishta, medhya, sarpakshi |
| Plant Family | : | Asteraceae / Compositae |
| Description | : | All of us have known this plant from our childhood. One can’t miss it when the seeds are ripe. The fruits are covered with numerous hooks and kids have fun throwing it at people and sticking it to their woollen clothing. It is assumed the plant originated in Central America, but is widely naturalized world over, probably because of its ingenious technique of transporting its seeds on animal fur. The plant has large and broad leaves, light and bright green in color in an alternate pattern with irregular lobes and relatively inconspicuous teeth. Stems turn maroon to black when mature, with an elliptic or egg shaped fruit clusters growing nestled around the stem. Common Cocklebur is an annual herb with a short, stout, hairy stem. Flower heads occur in racemes in leaf axils or at the end of branches. The flowers are white or green, numerous, male upper most, female ovoid, covered with hooked bristles. Fruit is obovoid, enclosed in the hardened involucre, with 2 hooked beaks and hooked bristles. Flowering: August-September. |
| Plant Location in Melghat | : | In shallow lands of fields and among grasses in forest |
| Medicinal Use / Activity | : | analgesic, anti-inflammatory,
antiarthritic, cytotoxic, anti-angiogenesis and anti-viral; used in
Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat nasal sinusitis, headache, urticaria and arthritis (Committee, 2010); The whole plant, specially root and fruit, is used as medicine. According to Ayurveda, X. strumarium is cooling, laxative, fattening, anthelmintic, alexiteric, tonic, digestive, anti-pyretic, and improves appetite, voice, complexion, and memory. It cures leucoderma, biliousness, poisonous bites of insects, epilepsy, salivation and fever. |
| Plant's Phytochemicals | : | COMPOUNDS: Carboxyatratyloside (CAT); chlorogenic acid; ferulic acid; thiazinediones; 8-epi-xanthatin; 8-epixanthatin epoxide; beta-sitosterol; strumasterol; caffeic acid; xanthatin;
ACTIVE COMPOUNDS (5): Beta-sitosterol; Xanthatin; Caffeic acid; Chlorogenic acid; Ferulic acid; |
| Plant's Current Status | : | - |
| Plant's Cross Database Reference | : | 259142 |
| Reference | : | Dhore M. A. (1984) The flora of melghat tiger reserve
- http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbpm/v11n2/a08v11n2.pdf
- http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Common%20Cocklebur.html |
| Reference | : | ~ Dhore MA and Joshi PA; "Flora of Melghat Tiger Reserve"; Directorate, Project Tiger, Melghat (1988); PMID : ~ Bhogaonkar PY and Devarkar VD; "Ethnomedicinal plants used in skin treatment by Korkus of Melghat Dist. Amravati (MS), India"; Life Sciences Leaflets (2011); 178-191 PMID : |
| Kingdom | : Plantae - Plants |
|---|---|
| Phylum | : Tracheophyta |
| Subkingdom | : Tracheobionta - Vascular plants |
| Superdivision | : Spermatophyta - Seed plants |
| Division | : Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class | : Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Subclass | : Asteridae |
| Order | : Asterales |
| Family | : Asteraceae / Compositae - Aster family |
| Genus | : Xanthium L. - cocklebur |
| Species | : Xanthium strumarium L. - rough cocklebur |