Botanical Name Plant's Common Name Plant Family   

   MT071 : Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz

Plant Category : Tree

Melghat's Flora's Serial No. : 371

Synonym : Arthrophyllum ceylanicum Miq.; Arthrophyllum reticulatum Bl. ex Miq.; Bignonia indica L.; Bignonia lugubris Salisb.; Bignonia pentandra Lour.; Bignonia quadripinnata Blanco.; Bignonia tripinnata Noronha.; Bignonia tuberculata Roxb. ex DC.; Calosanthes indica (L.) Bl.; Hippoxylon indica (L.) Raf.; Oroxylum flavum Rehder.; Spathodea indica (L.) Pers.;

Plant Common Name : K-Phalga, Tetu, Broken Bones Tree, Indian Trumpet Flower, Tree of Damocles • Hindi: bhut-vriksha, dirghavrinta, kutannat, manduk (the flower), patrorna, putivriksha, shallaka, shuran, son, vatuk • Manipuri: Shamba • Marathi: tayitu, tetu • Tamil: cori-konnai, palai-y-utaicci, puta-puspam (the flower) • Malayalam: palaqapayyani, vashrppathiri, vellappathiri • Telugu: manduka-parnamu, pampena, suka-nasamu, tundilamu • Kannada: tattuna • Konkani: davamadak • Bengali: sona • Oriya: tatelo • Assamese: Toguna • Sanskrit: aralu, shyonaka

Plant Family : Bignoniaceae

Description : Medium sized trees; to 12 m high; bark 5-6 mm thick, surface brownish-grey; blaze yellowish-green; bole smooth. Leaves compound, 2-3 pinnate, pinnae 5-9; imparipinnate, opposite; rachis 60-100 cm, stout, glabrous; leaflets 3-5 in each pinnae, opposite; petiolule 3-20 mm, glabrous, slender; lamina 7.5-15 x 4-9 cm, ovate; base cordate, oblique or truncate; apex acuminate, margin entire, glabrous, chartaceous; lateral nerves, 4-6 pairs, pinnate, prominent, puberulent beneath; intercostae reticulate. Flowers bisexual, in lax terminal racemes, reddish-purple outside, pinkish-yellow within, racemes to 30-50 cm long; pedicels 1-2 cm long; calyx 2.5 cm long, campanulate, coriaceous, glabrous, limb truncate or obscurely toothed; corolla 10 cm long, large, fleshy, campanulate, lobes 3 cm long, 5; stamens 5, perfect, the posterior one shortest, filaments inserted below the base of the tube, filaments hairy at base; connective with a short mucrone; ovary subsessile, contracted at the base; ovule many; style slender; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule 40-75 x 5-8 cm, 2 valved, compressed, tapering at both end; seeds 5-6 cm long, winged all around except at base.

Plant Location in Melghat : In Koktu valley, Makhala,Harisal

Medicinal Use / Activity : Ear problems; anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, Hepatoprotective and immunomodulaory; The bitter bark of the root is astringent, blood purifier and tonic. It is used in the treatment of stomach complaints, Diarrhea and dysentery. An alcoholic maceration of the fresh bark is externally applied on allergic dermatitis. When mixed with turmeric, the bark is used for healing sores of animals. The root is credited with antirheumatic, antidysenteric and diuretic properties. The seeds and bark are used medicinally for alleviating body pain, especially during fevers, and as an antiphlogistic medicine. It is also applied to burns and wounds. The juice of the bark is taken internally to treat Diarrhea and dysentery. A decoction of the bark is refrigerant, used in the treatment of fevers and jaundice. A decoction of the leaves is drunk as a treatment for stomach-ache. Applied externally the leaves are employed in the treatment of cholera, fever, childbirth and rheumatic swellings. The boiled leaves are used as a poultice during and after childbirth, and in dysentery as well as for an enlarged spleen. Leaf poultices may be further applied for toothache and headache. The seed is expectorant and laxative. A decoction is used in treating coughs, bronchitis and gastritis. The seeds are applied externally to ulcers.

Plant's Phytochemicals : COMPOUNDS: chrysine; baicalein; Oroxylin-A; Biochanin A; Chrysin; Ellagic acid; Oroxoloside methyl ester; beta-sitosterol; Scuttellarien; Ursolic acid; Pinocembrin; Pinobanksin; Lupeol; 2a-Hydroxyl lupeol; Echinulin; Adenosine; Dimethyl Sulfone;

ACTIVE COMPOUNDS (8):

Lupeol;

Beta-sitosterol;

Biochanin A;

Chrysin;

Ursolic Acid;

Baicalein;

Ellagic acid;

Pinocembrin;

Plant's Current Status : Rare, Endemic

Plant's Cross Database Reference : 259142

Reference : Dhore M. A. (1984) The flora of melghat tiger reserve - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S097535751080121X - http://www.japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/951_pdf.pdf - http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Oroxylum+indicum - http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Broken%20Bones%20Tree.html - https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/16688

Reference : ~ Dhore MA and Joshi PA; "Flora of Melghat Tiger Reserve"; Directorate, Project Tiger, Melghat (1988); PMID :

~ Omesh Bajpai, Jitendra Pandey and Lal Babu Chaudhary; "Ethnomedicinal Uses of Tree Species by Tharu Tribes in the Himalayan Terai Region of India"; Research Journal of Medicinal Plant (2016); 10(1): 19-41 PMID :

~ AHM Mahmudur Rahman; "A Review on Medicinal Plants with Anticancer Activity Available In Bangladesh"; Mod Appl Pharm Pharmacol (2018); 1(4). MAPP.000516 PMID :

~ Shaukat Ali, Sundas Nasreen, Sobia Safeer, Saiqa Andleeb, Mubashir Ejaz, Saira Bano, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir; "Medicinal plants as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment"; Punjab Univ. J. Zool (2016); 31(2): 295-305 PMID :

Kingdom : Plantae - Plants
Phylum : Tracheophyta
Subkingdom : Tracheobionta - Vascular plants
Superdivision : Spermatophyta - Seed plants
Division : Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class : Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Subclass :
Order : Lamiales
Family : Bignoniaceae
Genus : Oroxylum
Species : Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz